dl字体设计(值字体设计)

1. dl字体设计

工具/原料

操作系统：Windows 7旗舰版 64位操作系统

软件版本：Adobe AutoCAD 2019 64位

扩展插件版本：T20天正建筑V5.0

方法/步骤

1

扩展插件菜单栏点击场地布置，点击道路绘制。

2

也可以使用快捷命令DLHZ，快捷命令就是文字的首字母。

3

默认使用比例为1:100，设置左宽、右宽和倒角半径均为1000。

4

指定道路起点和道路的下一点即可完成绘制，道路的下一点可持续增加，结束绘制按下空格。

5

道路的弯处和道路的交点可实现自动倒角且非常美观，相对于普通画法可极大提高绘图效率。

2. 值字体设计

中文：

1.页面设置页边距：上3.7 下3.5 左右2.6（可上下浮动0.2）文档网格：每页22行，每行28个字2.字体标题：方正小标宋简体二号一级标题：黑体三号二级标题：楷体三号正文：仿宋三号全部写完后ctrl+A刷一遍Times New Roman字体，这样文中的阿拉伯数字会比较美貌。

3.段落：行距固定值28磅或者1.5倍行距咯。英文：个人推荐Times New Roman字体。

3. dl两个字母字体设计图片

两种情况：

1、有独立pci-e阵列卡的情况下（如：p212,p410,p812等），开机自检过程中会提示smartarrayp410controller，是红色字体，之后会提示您按f8进行配置。

2、没有独立阵列卡的情况下。需要进bios，进入advanced->sataconfiguration选择raid模式。保存退出，重启服务器。然后到启动界面的时候会检测到一个b110i阵列卡，也是红字显示，之后就和上面一样了，也是提示按f8进行配置。

f8配置方法：进入f8配置界面之后，第一项是创建阵列，第二项是查看，第三项删除。进入第一项，在你要做阵列的硬盘上打上x，用tab键切换到右边的选择raid级别的地方，选择到raid1，然后回车，然后根据提示安f8进行配置，过几秒钟提示配置完成。然后进入第二项查看，如果没有问题，按两下esc即可退出。

4. cnd中国字体设计网

很多软件可以看到字体大小 比方ps innd ai cdr

5. dl字母字体设计

di一声，地主，二声，笛子，三声，抵押，四声弟弟

6. DL创意字母

你好。D档就是前进档。L是低速爬坡档位，爬坡时候用，祝你用车愉快

7. dlf字体

逻辑思维是人们在认识事物的过程中，借助于概念、判断、推理等思维形式来反映客观现实的理性认识过程。基本的逻辑思维方法包括：抽象与概括、分析与综合，归纳与演绎，对比，原因与结果。

定义

逻辑思维的定义是：“是人的理性认识阶段，人运用概念、判断、推理等思维类型反映事物本质与规律的认识过程。”通俗点说，逻辑思维是建立在因果关系之上的，反映客观现实的思维方式。

逻辑思维具有规范、严密、确定和可重复的特点。

方法

分析和综合

分析指的是，把事物分解为各个部分、侧面、属性，分别加以研究，分析是认识事物整体的必要阶段。

综合则是把事物各个部分、侧面、属性按内在联系有机地统一为整体，以掌握事物的本质和规律。

分析和综合是互相渗透和转化的，在分析基础上综合，在综合指导下分析，分析与综合，循环往复，推动认识的深化和发展。

例如：证明两线段相等

综合法思路：已知条件→三角形全等或平行四边形→对应边或对边相等（线段相等）。

分析法思路：对应边或对边相等（线段相等）→三角形全等或平行四边形→已知条件。

归纳和演绎

归纳和演绎是认知事物和思考的逻辑法则。

简单通俗来说：归纳就是把具备某种相同属性的事物，一一列举出来，然后寻找共通点。

演绎法

演绎就是把互相之间形成影响的因素，按照事物因果顺序、时间先后顺序，重要程度顺序排列出来，再寻找突破口。

太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，这是演绎（由太极开始，向后递推的顺序）。

演绎推理的主要形式是“三段论”，由大前提、小前提、结论三部分组成。

大前提是已知的一般原理；

小前提是研究的特殊场合；

结论是将特殊场合归到一般原理之下得出的新知识。例如：

大前提：鸟都会飞；小前提：我是鸟；结论：所以我会飞。

归纳法

龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞，这是归纳（龙，风，老鼠各为一类）。分析若干不同事物（思想、事件、事实）的主要特点，找出其中的共性、共同点，然后将其归类到同一个组中，并说明其共性。

抽象与概括

抽象

抽象是对同类事物中抽取出共同的、本质性的特征，舍弃其非本质的属性或特征的思维过程。

概括

概括指的是人脑在比较和抽象的基础上，把抽象出来的事物的共同本质特征综合起来，并推广到同类事物上的思维过程。

总结

抽象的过程往往是从多到一的过程，最后呈现的形式也是以“关键词”的方式，突出本质属性。而概括的过程最后呈现的都是一句完整表述本质属性的句子。

练习

1、认识到“鸟是一种有羽毛的，无齿有喙前肢为翼的动物”这是思维的( )过程。

A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

解析：C。该题综合呈现了鸟的所有本质的属性，因此属于概括过程。

2、对乌鸦、企鹅、麻雀、鸵鸟等进行分析比较后，得出“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”是共同本质的属性，“飞”是非本质属性。这是思维的( )过程。

A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

解析：B。该题从多个事物中，抽取出了鸟的本质属性是“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”，找到了鸟的特征。属于抽象的过程。

4. 分类和比较

分类

是指根据事物的共同性与差异性，把事物分类。具有相同属性的事物归入一类。具有不同属性的事物归入不同类。

比较

比较就是比较两个或两类事物的共同点和差异点，通过比较就能更好地认识事物的本质。

除了上述的逻辑思考方法，比较常见的还有对比（求同、存异）和因果两种，相对比较容易理解。逻辑性强的人，善于解构任务，化繁为简，剔除无用信息， 能用更短的时间解决更多的事情。所以，我们要利用方式和方法锻炼和提高逻辑思维。

提高逻辑思维

“PREP+A”的逻辑

P（Point，观点/论点），R（Reason，原因/理由/根据），E（Example，实例/例证），P（Point），A（Action，行动）。

在正式的谈话、讲演、文案中，一般可以遵循下面的逻辑/步骤：

P：首先，简洁明了的表明自己的观点/论点/主张，也就是你在说什么、你想要表达什么。

R：其次，说出支持你结论的“依据”，也就是回答 你凭什么这样认为，是基于哪种事实和解释？

E：再者，用实际的例证（资料、数据、个人例子等）来提高你结论或观点的说服力。

P：最后重复结论，确保自己想传达的信息，已确实传递。

A：行动就是你希望对方怎么做（根据实际需要，一把可以省略）。

小结：简单来讲，这个模式就是先从结论说起，再说明得出结论的理由及根据，然后举出具体事例佐证，最后再强调一次结论 。

掌握思维框架

如何去设计一个框架，这个方法来自元学习领域的相关知识，这些元学习领域的相关知识如下：

工作记忆、长时记忆、组块、提取、存储、必要难度、间隔效应、表征、初级表征、次级表征、心理表征、记忆、线索、遗忘曲线、图式、模式、联系、刻意练习、自我生成、详细阐述、分散练习、框架法。

举一个例子来区分一下，工作记忆与长时记，比如记住一个姓名：【xxx]，默默5遍后可以记住这个名字，只不过这个姓名是在工作记忆里边。工作记忆不能被长时的保存，是一种临时的记忆。此时，从大脑里提取这个姓名，就是从工作记忆中直接提取出来。

隔了一会儿，再去提取“刚才记住在工作记忆”的姓名，再也提取不出来了。工作记忆，早已被新的内容刷空，如果“长时记忆”里边有记住这个姓名，我们就能从长时记忆里边把这个姓名提取到工作记忆。可惜的是，遗憾的是，长时记忆里边没有塑造出这个记忆。或者说长时记忆虽然保存了这个记忆，却提取不出来。

现在要利用元学习领域的知识来建立一个逻辑思维的框架，这个逻辑思维的框架是针对逻辑学而言，这就涉及到逻辑学领域的相关基础知识了。逻辑学领域的基础知识，个人提炼出来一些核心而又基础的概念，如下：属性、性质属性、关系属性、概念、内涵、外延、定义、划分、判断、假设Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、论证。

比如：以词语“人”作为切入点，通过词语“人”去衔接“属性、本质属性、概念、内涵、外延、划分、判断、推理、论证”。如何从一个词语“人”贯通整个逻辑框架呢？

人这个词语对应的概念--->概念对应外部世界的一类事物----->从一类事物之中“抽象、抽取”出属性--->本质属性---->概念、内涵、定义、外延、划分---->判断---->推理------>论证！

这些基础的概念之间是有联系的，刚开始学习逻辑学时，这些基础的概念在自己的大脑里是碎片化的、是分立的，是没法被联系起来。

东一处、西一处、南一处、北一处，各个概念之间缺乏联系，对逻辑学的认知就是以一些碎片的认知，不能拼成一个框架，缺乏一个框架把各个概念联系起来。

经典的模型

有人说“思维模型是你大脑中用于做决策的工具箱，你拥有的工具越多，你就能够做出正确的决策”，所以大家可以多学习经典思维模型，帮助自己做出正确的决策。

自我提问练习

在日常生活中，无论是看到、听到或读到一些关于重要信息或者让你有触动的信息时，都可以通过一些刻意的自我提问来锻炼自己的思维。比如读到一个观点时，就可以这样问自己：作者为什么会从这个角度切入？作者是如何形成这个结论？这个结论有什么缺点？如果我来写如何可以更好？

写作练习

可以每天拿一张纸，就写一个问题，然后我们再用树形结构逻辑思维，来对这个问题进行分析。用不同的角度，不同的视野，看看是否有新的想法，把这些东西再整理起来，先不要思考太多，想到一个问题就直接写。不能拖延。我们只要追寻自己原始的感受，不用想得很复杂，想到什么就直接写什么，别犹豫不决。培养这种树形结构逻辑思维，最忌讳的就是，原地兜圈子，因为这样会做无用功。

做结构笔记

结构式笔记主要是指：用思维导图搭建全书的框架架构。 将全书的内容浓缩在这一张图里，有利于我们迅速抓住重点，在日常思维导图的制作过程中，可以利用工具：XMIND，如果你有输出的需求，可以购买一个会员，如果只是想自己做完保存，也可以不购买会员。

使用思维导图

思维导图就是一种工具，可以利用有效图形来协助我们的思维表达的实用性工具，可以帮助我们发散思维，理清思路。当接到一个任务时，先要做的不应该是立马执行，而是先思考。因为有时候如果不思考，就会弄不清楚方向，就会挖掘不出甲方的真实需求。这时候我们就要打开思维导图，开始逻辑的分散性思考。

常见好用的思维导图工具有很多，比如：

亿图脑图MindMaster：强烈推荐，简单好用高颜值，模板社区10W+模板内容；

MindManager：推荐，思维导图老大哥，兼容Microsoft office，试用限制30天；

幕布：较推荐，极简风大纲笔记一键生成思维导图，较长时间无更新维护；

xmind：推荐，商业思维导图软件，高颜值+做图稳定，但没有提供在线版和云服务；

MindLine思维导图：较推荐，轻量级思维导图软件，功能较简约但界面缺乏设计感。

导图的用法

比如，一次会议可以分三个阶段。

第一个阶段，大家畅所欲言，发散思维，用思维导图把大家的想法用树状图画出来。

第二个阶段，评估想法。发现不同想法之间的联系，而且把有联系的想法用线条连接起来。

第三个阶段，集中思维，形成决议。把讨论中淘汰的想法都删除划掉，剩下的想法，分出主次和执行顺序，整理好开始执行。

个人的想法过程也一样。

实用主义的思维导图一定是杂乱的，画满了各种连线、重点符号、划掉符号，就像草稿纸一样。

花哨的装饰和美观的外表未必实用，真正的武器身上一定伤痕累累。

注意事项：

① 清楚制图目的

做思维导图之前，一定要弄清楚自己制图的目的是什么？是为了自己梳理思路还是交付于别人传播。如果是用于分享，就需要有一些设计思维。如果是帮助自己梳理思路，那么就不需要美观度上花去过多的时间。

② 信息传递

记住做思维导图重要的是梳理思维，视觉传达为辅助，帮助记忆，因此不能本末倒置，花过多的时间在视觉美化上面。

③ 语言要精炼

一张思维导图可以承载的信息毕竟有限，我们要学会深度理解信息、适当加工，尽量用明确、精炼的语言去传达。

④ 日常积累素材库

我们要在日常工作中不断累积建立好自己的素材库，可以是图标库、图片库、字体库、配色库、模型参考库等等，这样能够有效提高自己的作图效率。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维是人们在认识事物的过程中，借助于概念、判断、推理等思维形式来反映客观现实的理性认识过程。基本的逻辑思维方法包括：抽象与概括、分析与综合，归纳与演绎，对比，原因与结果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8nV0CaP1gBioZNAl16viZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定义","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3y5Y9DAuSd8IZ8Fvnt9vth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维的定义是：“是人的理性认识阶段，人运用概念、判断、推理等思维类型反映事物本质与规律的认识过程。”通俗点说，逻辑思维是建立在因果关系之上的，反映客观现实的思维方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIyQQ2atDkdktdVjutJy2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维具有规范、严密、确定和可重复的特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxGu8Q9BlXGtsd0QxOc4sNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":284,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定义","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c92b46c7d9594921bcc268149ecf7643","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnYeAoFyXgoG6Bw515YanTtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh0wO0uabhTxLEdzNIJSbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJdFf0JsxyUYdyRQXoBS1Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析指的是，把事物分解为各个","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"部分、侧面、属性","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，分别加以研究，分析是认识事物整体的必要阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzmk9qwIkOnnmgbiTUtkc0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"综合则是把事物各个部分、侧面、属性按内在联系有机地统一为整体","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，以掌握事物的本质和规律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn51iwDuIueTyVm0EZ0iSJXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合是互相渗透和转化的，在分析基础上综合，在综合指导下分析，分析与综合，循环往复，推动认识的深化和发展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHAb5qficN093Gybqwd2Zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例如：证明两线段相等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDmsQFeRsbnmxmBQqtkfihc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"综合法思路：已知条件→三角形全等或平行四边形→对应边或对边相等（线段相等）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJXBBK0PyEm8MRqMPLdTxqk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析法思路：对应边或对边相等（线段相等）→三角形全等或平行四边形→已知条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYa57tfHUnnB3Gg04dduNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fd1d58e3478495198e90844f13d74fa","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnEXWCO5YkLSxnaXaJ67hhGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳和演绎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnechh7aC4gVd56HCONiwsTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳和演绎是认知事物和思考的逻辑法则。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyFFM2ZjIIf96p8Jwq1Uqic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单通俗来说：归纳就是把具备某种相同属性的事物，一一列举出来，然后寻找共通点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpdVMJbpOF78vcB4djk2OUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"演绎法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6Y9qJn1rXmV38sd408vIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演绎就是把互相之间形成影响的因素，按照事物因果顺序、时间先后顺序，重要程度顺序排列出来，再寻找突破口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYByTG8gikZCJ5s7zBflvDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，这是演绎（由太极开始，向后递推的顺序）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Av5bx0jZxkPxMY2t1B9zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演绎推理的主要形式是“三段论”，由大前提、小前提、结论三部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvcYMrtU8WJ3Gii34JDZgOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提是已知的一般原理；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgBTRyblmpSWqED4LK4tOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小前提是研究的特殊场合；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRJ80cikP22K9PJEY2hXPPk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结论是将特殊场合归到一般原理之下得出的新知识。例如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG58cGbZJwgogooH7OD3zDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提：鸟都会飞；小前提：我是鸟；结论：所以我会飞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnz5QDd3K6SAS8xeOS1SS4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJDVSVwyT8MOBeqQ0oG4t8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞，这是归纳（龙，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"风","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，老鼠各为一类）。分析若干不同事物（思想、事件、事实）的主要特点，找出其中的共性、共同点，然后将其归类到同一个组中，并说明其共性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ZnkoIC54y0eiDNQwpnbVf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fef97b46b9944a3f990b90f35d001f8e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnBa1FSoLKfqj7bgbDOEi1vc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象与概括","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnaOYipK3GeELax0RUr8GxX"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvR7fIigXYjvgnXzdY3reqR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象是对同类事物中抽取出共同的、本质性的特征，舍弃其非本质的属性或特征的思维过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWtOfSwvg0pVe4W9CWDNsGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"概括","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndsGAlQViGC4d8in2xMh0Ca"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"概括指的是人脑在比较和抽象的基础上，把抽象出来的事物的共同本质特征综合起来，并推广到同类事物上的思维过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMimmt5CdbyGPizRj2RenLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"概括","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9171d06be42a49aba2ad2efa3d1770bc","width":764},"text":"","id":"doxcn9aEwdEtEg6g78zrvfZpkXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPYaNQIxxV4D2sVvBvdpfFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象的过程往往是从多到一的过程，最后呈现的形式也是以“关键词”的方式，突出本质属性。而概括的过程最后呈现的都是一句完整表述本质属性的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnceYNAWh8k383ODqhi6QDOd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFSzTaDlFw1fgbf9iYMj64g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、认识到“鸟是一种有羽毛的，无齿有喙前肢为翼的动物”这是思维的( )过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusEFnzvTE8Ynt0r1U5jOod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNHjHP3g3FZf0500OKKAw3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析：C。该题综合呈现了鸟的所有本质的属性，因此属于概括过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTBomBI6YhTiBkU7Ufzooge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对乌鸦、企鹅、麻雀、鸵鸟等进行分析比较后，得出“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”是共同本质的属性，“飞”是非本质属性。这是思维的( )过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2DIJAkup57ubfixgWf3PgP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnchjt2AzGcrsTxqnSEd78jb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析：B。该题从多个事物中，抽取出了鸟的本质属性是“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”，找到了鸟的特征。属于抽象的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMrrSi1RTckuNYd4RFaa8Tg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":624,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d1bff7e3c704c1d9bd16bae5ee0920f","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnCB9oqyrs7QteqwnkzgyGFg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 分类和比较","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX1Ai2smjzi1eZWtPDjBQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4x8zG45O2XwTEkgvZxarwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是指根据事物的共同性与差异性，把事物分类。具有相同属性的事物归入一类。具有不同属性的事物归入不同类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTJ1N81u7SUkMFjRuxoNhFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"比较","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBVmuXk9jDt1wkVZlnm9Myc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比较就是比较两个或两类事物的共同点和差异点，通过比较就能更好地认识事物的本质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSnlIjOIYger2onEF1wPVZw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"比较","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afe0f05e87e945728a2fd9027775086c","width":697},"text":"","id":"doxcnpqmsHzoXGConSMYLAj6bof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上述的逻辑思考方法，比较常见的还有对比（求同、存异）和因果两种，相对比较容易理解。逻辑性强的人，善于解构任务，化繁为简，剔除无用信息， 能用更短的时间解决更多的事情。所以，我们要利用方式和方法锻炼和提高逻辑思维。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnilJwnXtfeu7X6RVJy8PmVf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提高逻辑思维","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JJKCIb6NBCvOMfSjY6a6f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的逻辑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD16lE1129JQ20Ta1wIl65e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P（Point，观点/论点），R（Reason，原因/理由/根据），E（Example，实例/例证），P（Point），A（Action，行动）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvAmTG8DpOcMwi2obfIzWof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式的谈话、讲演、文案中，一般可以遵循下面的逻辑/步骤：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnapgdMQruFfSwnpsqbJmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：首先，简洁明了的表明自己的观点/论点/主张，也就是你在说什么、你想要表达什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZNJDJ6kFlXW0jy4ZlYGhOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"R：其次，说出支持你结论的“依据”，也就是回答 你凭什么这样认为，是基于哪种事实和解释？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoNBY5PtzGTf8kJmDaRUAmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"E：再者，用实际的例证（资料、数据、个人例子等）来提高你结论或观点的说服力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuuRS1kxXnPpPypxLzHQu8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：最后重复结论，确保自己想传达的信息，已确实传递。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNGekacVndfNmQlBTlla77f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A：行动就是你希望对方怎么做（根据实际需要，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"一把","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以省略）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzcXAug6BJuUzKaX4MyFM5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小结：简单来讲，这个模式就是先从结论说起，再说明得出结论的理由及根据，然后举出具体事例佐证，最后再强调一次结论 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98WiLvkPy1pvaKThDAK51f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ae685e68dcc4ae4a5eaf3075859a74f","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnXAnSTun4KMcpiOnWaaBIkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcXMwwpWfrCwCet1sorrQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何去设计一个框架，这个方法来","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"自元","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学习领域的相关知识，这些元学习领域的相关知识如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQsoQtuiIIYkapgIJScj91f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作记忆、长时记忆、组块、提取、存储、必要难度、间隔效应、表征、初级表征、次级表征、心理表征、记忆、线索、遗忘曲线、图式、模式、联系、刻意练习、自我生成、详细阐述、分散练习、框架法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqrAiCfAeZ9gjyHpj30HZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"举一个例子来区分一下，工作记忆与长时记，比如记住一个姓名：【xxx]，默默5遍后可以记住这个名字，只不过这个姓名是在工作记忆里边。工作记忆不能被长时的保存，是一种临时的记忆。此时，从大脑里提取这个姓名，就是从工作记忆中直接提取出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbRpkyhKmcauP3Z0rCnYPWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔了一会儿，再去提取“刚才记住在工作记忆”的姓名，再也提取不出来了。工作记忆，早已被新的内容刷空，如果“长时记忆”里边有记住这个姓名，我们就能从长时记忆里边把这个姓名提取到工作记忆。可惜的是，遗憾的是，长时记忆里边没有塑造出这个记忆。或者说长时记忆虽然保存了这个记忆，却提取不出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9BP6wtszUmTI2iHTU1aEqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQV9onLDvPYvw3JzboFvEzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ef07f423e004067b5167462d1e51730","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnLemivPNyz6MJsensxn6djg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在要利用元学习领域的知识来建立一个逻辑思维的框架，这个逻辑思维的框架是针对逻辑学而言，这就涉及到逻辑学领域的相关基础知识了。逻辑学领域的基础知识，个人提炼出来一些核心而又基础的概念，如下：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"属性、性质属性、关系属性、概念、内涵、外延、定义、划分、判断、假设Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、论证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmVb2xHPWKBGjU1bSH8Oimh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如：以词语“人”作为切入点，通过词语“人”去衔接“属性、本质属性、概念、内涵、外延、划分、判断、推理、论证”。如何从一个词语“人”贯通整个逻辑框架呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN26r1LOVkPAfw1on9dPaoW"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":373,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7688ed31af9e4809925df576e6aff1a5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwxhq95LmRmQAk9KRKt6msC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人这个词语对应的概念---\u003e概念对应外部世界的一类事物-----\u003e从一类事物之中“抽象、抽取”出属性---\u003e本质属性----\u003e概念、内涵、定义、外延、划分----\u003e判断----\u003e推理------\u003e论证！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKvR98NYiUTO2HJJCMc6Jse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些基础的概念之间是有联系的，刚开始学习逻辑学时，这些基础的概念在自己的大脑里是碎片化的、是分立的，是没法被联系起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfbNbYHgHzVgKQ5e6oFPHMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":234,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f4b74fc4d4c499ca2582e7532cf1853","width":307},"text":"","id":"doxcnKzRGnQj1hlEQH55Tk819le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"东一处、西一处、南一处、北一处，各个概念之间缺乏联系，对逻辑学的认知就是以一些碎片的认知，不能拼成一个框架，缺乏一个框架把各个概念联系起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSO5ImPmaE7aXbQOEkirLDh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"经典的模型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLijXnKd8OboQ88pmhbnQPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人说“思维模型是你大脑中用于做决策的工具箱，你拥有的工具越多，你就能够做出正确的决策”，所以大家可以多学习经典思维模型，帮助自己做出正确的决策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQFpfLKjRwSJrIMJwf3WMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"经典的模型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e6acdc4bca743bc9b0151ddaef91ff2","width":821},"text":"","id":"doxcn9EEvdqrw11HV27kkMUAa2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提问练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucB2ZaBMsQSSRYvqWfsA6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常生活中，无论是看到、听到或读到一些关于重要信息或者让你有触动的信息时，都可以通过一些刻意的自我提问来锻炼自己的思维。比如读到一个观点时，就可以这样问自己：作者为什么会从这个角度切入？作者是如何形成这个结论？这个结论有什么缺点？如果我来写如何可以更好？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i5YfGrJmeb97EtSiBdT2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提问练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d3775f09de94d349f5362df97b72f99","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnkHVXG6UaBNrAADUe08ejJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写作练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntbKMqA3oOrkmxidZJGrDsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以每天拿一张纸，就写一个问题，然后我们再用树形结构逻辑思维，来对这个问题进行分析。用不同的角度，不同的视野，看看是否有新的想法，把这些东西再整理起来，先不要思考太多，想到一个问题就直接写。不能拖延。我们只要追寻自己原始的感受，不用想得很复杂，想到什么就直接写什么，别犹豫不决。培养这种树形结构逻辑思维，最忌讳的就是，原地兜圈子，因为这样会做无用功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnETW9ZnINMYM8iz8F1hc0cg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写作练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos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将全书的内容浓缩在这一张图里，有利于我们迅速抓住重点，在日常思维导图的制作过程中，可以利用工具：XMIND，如果你有输出的需求，可以购买一个会员，如果只是想自己做完保存，也可以不购买会员。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY13UikzlaLiLuq2MwLC0Th"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"做结构笔记","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7d2b5c55be94f36903550a17cdf10d0","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnnLjsAOqXdJ2ul9nFxSRXie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkOl7abl7o8zavwCaxWXLwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"思维导图就是一种工具，可以利用有效图形来协助我们的思维表达的实用性工具，可以帮助我们发散思维，理清思路。当接到一个任务时，先要做的不应该是立马执行，而是先思考。因为有时候如果不思考，就会弄不清楚方向，就会挖掘不出甲方的真实需求。这时候我们就要打开思维导图，开始逻辑的分散性思考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgqN16nFdbsEPIcV1FO6Jf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ad3578583bb46d5a91652a564a74cf3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcno8cbRZuiM4yWM0D9npf9xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见好用的思维导图工具有很多，比如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHB8sU7KnfmlLKxaGzvH6Jg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":192,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2bfe472af354d1b8012784a7f72f932","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQH9cWtnzlFIrSRKczEoXM4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"亿图脑图MindMaster：强烈推荐，简单好用高颜值，模板社区10W+模板内容；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjWUPpn4bpEYmVSj2sOc4Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindManager：推荐，思维导图老大哥，兼容Microsoft office，试用限制30天；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7qPmvwkig9o8D4te05jrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"幕布：较推荐，极简风大纲笔记一键生成思维导图，较长时间无更新维护；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2jcR7TO6bAyMk4HIzkXjVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"xmind：推荐，商业思维导图软件，高颜值+做图稳定，但没有提供在线版和云服务；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXbUBnSh0iggYRFX44cHzze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindLine思维导图：较推荐，轻量级思维导图软件，功能较简约但界面缺乏设计感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzeEjinmWUElcchxzxq6Iad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"导图的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvDf72mxIuvCE9YmOoS8ptn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，一次会议可以分三个阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5uOSbXnTGLrvlX7WeIGtfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一个阶段，大家畅所欲言，发散思维，用思维导图把大家的想法用树状图画出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndIIqITk6Z4TrwMuLiFEhCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二个阶段，评估想法。发现不同想法之间的联系，而且把有联系的想法用线条连接起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5VHDmIq5TiGwZSJ220Tllc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三个阶段，集中思维，形成决议。把讨论中淘汰的想法都删除划掉，剩下的想法，分出主次和执行顺序，整理好开始执行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBIap6d1hCscA8CVUPFG7Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人的想法过程也一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4c5In3BNlhHu4CrRL7qqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实用主义的思维导图一定是杂乱的，画满了各种连线、重点符号、划掉符号，就像草稿纸一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBbWqsOnPRNgLLrWEPonsAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花哨的装饰和美观的外表未必实用，真正的武器身上一定伤痕累累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXIkBDBoQmF3tAgxiwxKpGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":311,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"导图的用法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfb24c12796c4319884fe62f92c73450","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnL6qaG5ecZuepwWezkPgpVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoFPWt9tp1go0UxurgtEBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"① 清楚制图目的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetRvWjVEw1w0qWOMtZR1Sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"做思维导图之前，一定要弄清楚自己制图的目的是什么？是为了自己梳理思路还是交付于别人传播。如果是用于分享，就需要有一些设计思维。如果是帮助自己梳理思路，那么就不需要美观度上花去过多的时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYz787WLlgyYsDVExxQjCPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"② 信息传递","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl9CZ4jznxh116m9ansCnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住做思维导图重要的是梳理思维，视觉传达为辅助，帮助记忆，因此不能本末倒置，花过多的时间在视觉美化上面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVvaIFicoAbGK9RGh9wvWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③ 语言要精炼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnylhnLbv667pX9ZlP8jrckg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一张思维导图可以承载的信息毕竟有限，我们要学会深度理解信息、适当加工，尽量用明确、精炼的语言去传达。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxNFq9G4uVgCeSWiIJXkkvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④ 日常积累素材库","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6l0edyfh0JnTYeVf7agooc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要在日常工作中不断累积建立好自己的素材库，可以是图标库、图片库、字体库、配色库、模型参考库等等，这样能够有效提高自己的作图效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2jY2aWeM176jZFEY1rtve"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

8. yd字体设计

书法有硬笔书法与毛笔书法之分，硬笔指的就是那种笔头坚硬的笔，例如钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等，而毛笔的笔尖非常柔软有弹性。硬笔的线条表现可以借鉴毛笔的笔法，所以如果要认真学书法，建议先学毛笔书法。

区别与联系

两者的区别

毛笔书法和硬笔书法有着不一样的地方，以下是他们的区别。

材质不同

毛笔多用羊，兔，鸡，黄鼠狼等动物的毫毛制成的，所以笔尖比较软，而硬笔则以金铜铁等硬质材料制成，所以笔头比较硬，例如常见的钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等。

线条质感不同

毛笔线条质感柔软丰润，笔画或飘若行云或雄厚稳健，刚柔相济、有血有肉。由于毛笔伸缩性大，笔头可舒可敛，所以其笔画宽窄，大小悬殊线面并用表现丰富。而硬笔的笔迹质感坚实挺秀，骨感强烈，硬笔笔尖开合能力较小，笔画粗细均匀，线条明快简约。

用途不同

毛笔书法一般字形较大，篇幅较大，易于欣赏，适用于练字作画，并且多适合写大字，而硬笔比较适合练习小楷等等，而且书写方便还便于修改，基本不受纸张限制，故广泛用于各行各业。

两者的联系

硬笔书法之所以被称为书法，是因为它和毛笔书法之间有着不可分割的联系。

1、 他们都是以汉字为载体，把汉字作为表现对象。

2、 两者虽然笔法不同，但结构规律和章法基本一致。

3、 硬笔的线条可以借鉴毛笔的笔法。

学习毛笔书法

古人云:“取法乎上，仅得其中，取法乎中，仅得乎下”。

毛笔书法是中国沿袭千年的文化艺术，凝结了中华民族的智慧，是一门独特的线条造型艺术，被誉为“无言的诗，无形的舞，无图的画，无声的乐”。一支毛笔，界破虚空，在纸上挥洒出千变万化的线条，能给书写者和观赏者带来莫大的精神享受。

准备学习工具

初学者想要学好毛笔字，首先需要准备一些写毛笔字用到的文房四宝等工具。

主要材料和工具如下：

1、毛笔：笔的大小、笔锋长短、笔毫的软硬都要根据自己所写字体来选择；

2、墨：墨汁建议选择好一些的，有利于行笔；

3、纸：宣纸，生宣熟宣以及几成熟都是根据字体来选择，具体可以咨询售卖的店家。同时建议刚开始使用毛边纸练习，节约成本；

4、砚：主要用于盛墨汁及蘸笔、舔笔；

5、笔洗：盛清水，用于清洗毛笔；

6、毡子：毛毡，垫在纸下面，防止弄脏书案，以及“跑墨”；

7、镇纸：压住纸张，可减少纸张的皱褶对写字的影响；

8、此外，根据需要，还有笔架、印章、印泥、字帖等。

工具介绍

1、毛笔

所谓文房四宝中的第一件那就是“笔”，学习毛笔书法，我们当然要准备好毛笔这个最基本的物件，我们在选择毛笔上要注意毛笔的大、中、小之分，不同大小的毛笔，对于创作的作品，写出的字也是有所不同的，像特大的斗笔和提笔，就适合书写一些匾额或者是大字。

毛笔也可以按笔锋来分，毛笔有长锋、中锋、短锋之分，长锋写出的书法作品线条比较流畅，短锋写出的作品比较浑厚，中锋写出的作品中和了长锋和短锋毛笔的优点，所以初学毛笔书法的朋友们，比较建议选择狼毫中锋毛笔，比较方便日常的练习，更容易上手。

毛笔的种类

硬毫笔笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。

A、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。

B、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。

C、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。

其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。

软毫笔笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。

A、羊毫笔羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。

B、鸡毫笔鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。

C、胎毫笔胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝萧子云就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。

D、兼毫笔笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。

好的毛笔的要求：

1、笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。

2、将笔头沾水捏扁，笔端的毛整齐无不齐现象。

3、笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。

4、笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。

2、墨汁

古人多是在写字前先磨墨，现在写书法多选用墨汁，写起来要简单省力很多，练字的墨汁和创作作品不同，可以按自己的经济情况，选择自己经济条件能够接受的墨汁即可，练习毛笔书法不是一朝一夕可以练习好的，所以墨汁也是一个消耗品。

3、宣纸

练习书法常用的是宣纸，宣纸大家在选择的时候要注意，宣纸分为生宣、熟宣、半生半熟宣纸，不同工艺制作而成的宣纸，写出来的效果也是不同的，初学者比较建议选择半生半熟的宣纸，比较适合书法的书写和练习。

4、砚台

砚台是用来盛放墨汁的，古代人是要用砚台来磨墨，可我们现在写书法基本用的都是墨汁，所以在砚台的选择上，我们可以选择带盖子及水槽的火锅砚，这样可以让我们的墨汁干得慢一些，不会照成不必要的浪费。

火锅砚中间部位是用来放墨汁的，外圈一圈是用来加水的，每次写完字后，直接用盖子盖好，这样可以减慢墨汁干硬的速度，方便我们下次使用，对于初学者每日练习书法还是很适用的，不需要每天去重新加墨汁，既帮我们节约了时间，也帮我们节约了墨汁，不会照成浪费。

5、毛毡

练习毛笔书法，我们是用毛笔蘸取墨汁书写的，所以为了防止有墨汁透过纸弄脏桌子，所以建议大家配上一块毛毡，写字前先将毛毡铺在桌子上，然后再铺上宣纸练字。

6、镇纸

镇纸是我们在练习书法的时候，用来压住纸张，防止纸张晃动移位的，镇纸的材质也比较多，价格上差距也比较大，大家根据自己的喜好选择即可。

7、笔搁

笔搁也叫笔托，我们在练习书法的时候，毛笔上是沾了墨汁的，这个时候你如果将毛笔放在桌子上，或者纸上，毛笔上的墨汁就会把桌子或者宣纸弄脏，所以我们要准备一个笔搁，在我们写累了，暂时不写的时候，将带着墨汁的毛笔放在笔搁上，给我们一个放笔的地方。

8、笔架

笔架是用来悬挂毛笔的，我们每天练习完书法，会将用过的毛笔清洗干净，为了下次使用起来方便，我们可以将毛笔挂在笔架上，这样我们下次书写的时候，就比较方便我们选择自己需要的毛笔了，笔架即是放置毛笔的支架，也是一种装饰摆件，大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择自己中意的笔架。

9、字帖

字帖是我们练字临摹用到的模板，在选择字帖上大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，每个人对于不同的书法字体的喜好都有所不同，所以大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，我个人比较建议初学者从唐楷入手练习。

学写毛笔书法

学习书法首先要有一个正确的书写姿势，要求头正、身直、臂开、足安;

其次就是掌握正确的执笔方法，只有这样才能更好地学习书法。执笔方法的正确与否，直接关系到书写的效果，所以历代书家都很重视握笔姿势。

握笔姿势

现代学习书法所谓正确的握笔姿势指的是就是“五指握笔法”。

五指握笔法简单的说就是五个手指都有各自的用途。

大拇指握笔时候应该起到一个按的力量，力的方向是食指和中指的中间部分。

食指握笔的时候是起到了一个勾的力量，力的方向是大拇指方向。

中指握笔第一二节包裹的笔管，三指其实就可以拿住笔了。

无名和小拇指起到的一个稳定扶住的作用。

握笔姿势图

我们可以根据一套正确的握笔姿势图来学习一下拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。

1.右手伸开手掌，四指自然并拢，大拇指自然向上。

2.自然的将右手无名和小拇指进行弯曲，并中指食指，自然稍有弯曲。

3.左手拿笔直接放到中指和无名指处，垂直右手拿笔。

4.大拇指按压笔管，感受上面我们我们讲的几个手指的作用。

经常学习毛笔的话有几天的时间手指就会习惯拿笔的姿势，前期可能会有所不舒服，只要掌握好几个手指的位置和力量，稍加练习就学会了，以上就是拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。

练习笔画

初学毛笔书法，我们往往不知道从哪方面入手，怎么去学。不少人一开始就临摹字字帖，这当然可以，但没有领悟到书法的精髓。那么，对于初学毛笔书法，我建议要分五步来学。

第一步，首先学写“横”的笔画。横分为短、中、长三种，短横要粗，长横要细，中要匀。要把握横的起笔和落笔要领，也就是露锋和回锋（藏锋）的技巧。起笔要慢，走锋要匀，收笔要慢而有劲，不拖泥带水。

第二步，要学好“竖”的笔法，竖主要分为悬针竖和垂露竖，当然还有其他写法，如点竖等。竖的起笔绝大多数是逆锋运笔。关键是竖的收笔，悬针竖收笔如飞机离开跑道一样，轻轻收笔露尖。垂露竖侧行笔至末端轻轻回笔稍顿藏锋，如一个人走到路的尽头伸个懒腰再往回走。

第三步，要学好“点”的几种写法，点的写法一般分为左点、右点、长点。点的写法看似简单，实际很讲笔锋。有些是笔锋轻入重出，如右点、左点，要求起笔轻而细，收笔重而有形，就如打太极拳一样。

第四步，要注意横、竖、点的头尾比例，哪头大哪头小，做到心中有数，行笔才有形。另外，还要把握笔划之间的间隔和连接要领掌握好。

第五步，要把握字的偏旁部首的基础写法，基础不牢地动山摇。偏旁部首写好了，才能认真去领悟字体的结构，笔划少的字要浑厚方正，笔划多的字要精细雅致。

熟悉结构

优美的结构也是书法艺术的核心，结构可以分为：主次、布白和变化三部分

1、主次。

任何事物都有主次之分，书法也讲究主次分明。一字之中总有一至三个突出的重点笔，这些笔画一般要求写得舒展挺拔，凸显整字精神，其他笔画要稍收敛一些。

2、变化。

变化如同一片森林，找不到完全相同的两棵树，一棵树上找不到完全相同的两片树叶。书法上也要求有变化。如长短、轻重、粗细、大小、角度、快慢变化等，变则生。

3、布白。

布白均匀，一字之中笔画分布均匀，空间分割平均。篆刻中讲“分朱布白”、“计白当黑”，正是此意。

临摹字帖

学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖，全凭自己想法随意写，是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力，要持之以恒，戒骄戒躁，不能一曝十寒。

学好书法要点

1、练眼

练眼即认真读帖，读帖是学习书法过程中的一种手段也是一种能力的培养。读的帖越多，眼力提高得就会越快,就知道了如何才写好，好在哪里？眼高手低也是练不好字的，是因为他发现了美而不能通过手去表现，美也成了天方夜谭了。

2、练脑

孔子曰：“学而不思则岡，思而学则殆”。我们在练字的时候，要深入观察，仔细分析古人的笔法与技法，把写得好的范字形体深深地刻在大脑里，无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就会想出生这个字在字帖上的形状，要做到脑中有字帖，胸有成竹，一挥而就。

3、练手

练字必须要心手合一，练手就要达到心手一致。练手同时也提高了眼力与脑力，还锻炼了手腕的发力及手威。练手感是让大脑去指挥手的灵活性与表现力，感觉到了笔便成了手的一部分，轻重快慢运用自如，写出你想要表达的效果。

4、练习章法

书法讲究章法，注重章法之美，不同的布局，可以形成不同的艺术风格。如有的章法大小疏密，错落其间，如郑板桥的书体。有的章法行间茂密，左右映带。如王羲之的《兰亭序》。有的章法富于韵律，结构与意境之美。好的书法能给人一种美的享受。

书法练习要有恒心，有毅力，要练好扎实在基本功。须知:一日练功一日功，一日不练十日空。在掌握了字体结构的基础上，可以选择自己喜欢的字体坚持不懈的练下去，轻易不要变换字体。因为一旦变换字体，又得从头练起。要学用结合，练写合一，很多人练字的时候写得很好，实际应用的时候不按照规范、瞎写一气，这们是永远练不好字的。练过的字平时用到了，应该写的像练时那样好，练一个用一个，在用中学，在学中用，学用结合才能练好字。

学习硬笔书法

准备学习工具

硬笔书法之所以叫作硬笔书法，就是因为它的书写工具不像毛笔那样笔头是软的，需要人们依靠强大的臂力，技巧来控制。它是坚硬的笔头，只需要通过一定的练习掌握书写技巧，就可以写出不错的汉字。

学习硬笔书法，常用的书写工具

1 、笔

硬笔书法的书写工具包括钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等，多数人练字会选用钢笔。

工具介绍

铅笔

铅笔作为硬笔书法书写工具的一种，其实是有着一些优势的，铅笔的主要成分是铅和石墨，这在物理特性上就让它有着可以擦除，重复书写的优势，尤其在启蒙教育、中小学教育中，铅笔是有着无可比拟的优势的。不单单这样，由于铅和石墨的混合，使得铅笔的书写体验很流畅，书写起来毫不费力，可以很轻松地达到自己想要的效果。所以铅笔是比较适合初学者练习的。但铅笔的缺陷是易折断、易褪色。

钢笔

钢笔的优点也很多，也是比较适合练字的。钢笔练字能体现力度和笔锋，可以顿笔、收笔，还能写出接近毛笔的效果来。但钢笔价格较高、蓄墨比较麻烦、携带不便等。

刚开始练字的时候可以先使用铅笔，练习控笔的技巧，到一定程度后再转而开始使用钢笔练字。使用铅笔时，一定要削好铅笔，铅笔不要削得太尖也不要太粗。刚刚削好的铅笔如果太尖就在废纸上轻轻划几下，如果写粗了，可以转动铅笔，换个方向写。

不介意使用中性笔，中性笔书写时需要有一个下压的力量，这会导致学习运笔动作时多了一个影响因素。同时中性笔出锋靠的是压力变化，这也导致学习者的习惯在硬笔中并不通用。

2 、纸

纸张包括一般复印纸、专用硬笔书法纸、格子纸，纸张的选择原则是不渗纸为佳，有时候在购买硬笔纸张时，用钢笔写字就会有洇墨的现象，可先试试。格子纸是厂家印刷好的，方便书写。

硬笔书法入门，方格纸作为入门练字纸最为恰当，同时，蒙肯纸书写性能最具有通用性且价格低廉，所以建议使用方格蒙肯书法练习纸。

3 、墨水

德国笔都可以用凌美T52，福林812也可以用鸵鸟墨水。至于彩墨，戴阿米等如雷贯耳。

4 、书法垫

硅胶硬笔书法垫，有助于保持纸面平整和良好的写感。

5 、字帖

我一贯主张根据个性选择字帖。不过入门时候，不外乎三种选择：卢中南楷书基础，赵孟頫道德经，文征明草堂十志。文征明的字笔法简单，套路清晰，更容易入门。

学写硬笔书法

硬笔书法具有广泛的群众基础，哪怕是一个小学生，在初学写字时都要按照一定的规则进行硬笔书法的学习和训练，因为这不仅是一个人的“门面”，更是学生的“卷面分”。下面介绍下如何才能在零基础的情况下，写好硬笔字。

正确的姿势

正确的握笔姿势

正确的握笔姿势，用右手的拇指、食指的指肚和中指的侧面分别从三个不同方向捏住笔杆的下端，使之形成合力。无名指和小指自然弯曲，手腕轻贴桌面，以形成安稳的“支撑点”。

正确的执笔步骤是，四点执笔→两指捏紧→形如鸡蛋。

正确的握笔方法，笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些，手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米。笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。

如果幼儿握笔方法不正确，握笔太低，不仅写字时手容易疲劳，还会因握笔太低挡住视线，因而是扭身歪头，引起坐姿不良、眼与物距离过近。笔是孩子学习的必需用具。孩子主要用铅笔写字，握笔的方法和写字的姿势是否正确，和笔杆的长短也有一定关系。笔杆太短，为了能看得清楚，只好低歪着头、扭着身子写字。因此，当铅笔用到原长的1/2时，应加笔帽，以增加其长度。

常见的错误执笔姿势

1、抱拳锄地、书写费劲。

2、虎口执笔、动作僵硬。

3、四指捏笔、运笔吃力。

4、勾腕执笔、运转不灵。

正确的写字姿势：身体坐正，两腿自然平放，头和上身稍向前倾，胸部离桌子一拳，两臂平放在桌面。右手执笔写字，左手按纸，纸要放正。要配备高矮合适的桌椅。当写字时，首先注意姿势，然后再纠正错误姿势。只要持之以恒，一定能掌握正确的执笔方法和写字姿势。

练习笔画

笔画是汉字组成的基本要素，不懂得基本笔画的形状、形态和行笔方法，就根本不能谈论书法，要想把字写得美观，写好笔画是前提。汉字笔画有横、竖、撇、捺、点、钩、提、折八种基本笔画，另外还有组合笔画，书写时一定要用心观察笔画的角度及长短变化，练好基本笔画，汉字也就写好了一半。

点

点像一个水滴，但它不是画出来的，而是写出来的。轻笔入纸后，逐渐加重力量向右下写去，最后在收笔时重压下去，会形成“水肚”，一个点的形状就出来了。

注意，写点的时候有三个步骤，一是轻入纸，二是向右下行，三是重收笔。

点是汉字最基本的笔画之一，它可以出现在汉字的上下左右，里外边角各个部位，其方向有向左、向右、向上、向下等。

我们要学习和掌握6种点的写法：斜点、垂点、撇点、上下点、相向点、相背点。

1、斜点：空中落笔，向右下运笔，至末端顿笔收笔，略带斜势。

2、垂点：空中落笔，向左下运笔，至末端顿笔回收。

3、撇点：起笔后下按，稍顿，向左下撇出。注意起笔至撇出要果断轻盈，用力渐弱，一气呵成。

4、上下点：写法同斜点，由上下两点组成，上点小，下点大。

5、相向点：一般用于字头，右点的起点要高于左边的点。

6、相背点：一般用于字底，起笔要平齐，落笔左点高右点低。

以上就是基本笔画的六个点画，在练习的时候一定要注意用笔的轻重缓急，沉稳坚定。要想写得好还得勤加练习哦！

横画

横 是我们写字中最常见，写的最多的基本笔画之一。横有六种横，长横，中横，短横，左尖横，右尖横。

横画在起笔时先要顿笔入纸，再向右方行笔，最后收笔时，再顿一下，形成收笔状态。注意，横画的姿态并不是水平平直的，而是要向右上方倾斜一点角度才好看。

“长横”的写法：下笔稍重，然后向右上方行笔，行笔时轻轻提起，收笔时重按一下，让笔画变重些，这样看起来显得平稳。“横平竖直”不是说横要水平，而是看上去要平稳的意思。

“短横”的写法：短横有两种不同的写法，一种下笔稍按后向右上行笔，粗细变化不大；一种是入笔较轻，向右上行笔时逐渐加重收笔。

中横的写法，比长横短，但比短横长。

斜横，笔画长度跟长横一样，但笔画往右上方倾斜，且角度大。

左尖横，笔画左尖右粗。

右尖横，笔画左粗右尖。

竖画

竖画的写法：竖画分为两种，一种是悬针竖，另一种是垂露竖。这两种竖画的起笔写法都是相同的，顿笔入纸，垂直向下行笔，在收笔时，悬针竖要逐渐提笔，使笔尖走在笔画的中间，最后形成像针尖一样的状态，而垂露竖在收笔时不提笔，保持同样的力量大小，收笔处回一下笔锋即可。

撇捺画的写法：这两个笔画写法是一样的，只不过姿态方向不一。撇画是顿笔入纸后，向左方由重到轻行笔，直到收笔时形成一个尖的形状，捺画是轻笔入纸，逐渐加重，最后收笔时要顿一笔，再向右外方由重到轻送出笔。

撇有斜撇、短撇、竖撇之分。

斜撇：斜撇的写法是，下笔稍重，由重到轻向左下行笔，收笔时出尖

短撇：短撇写法同斜撇，只是笔画较短。短撇在字头出现时，笔画形态较平（也有叫做平撇的），如“千、反、禾、后、丢”等字；短撇和撇点有时可以互换，特别是在字的左下部位出现时，往往写成撇点，如“真、典、只”等字。

竖撇：竖撇下笔稍重，由重到轻向下行笔，行至撇的长度三分之二处，向左下撇出，收笔时出尖。带风字头的字（如风、凤、凰、凡等）的竖撇弧度更大，需注意区别。

捺有斜捺和平捺之分。

斜捺：下笔较轻，向右下由轻到重行笔，行至捺脚处重按笔，然后向右水平方向由重到轻提笔拖出，收笔出尖。

平捺：写法同斜捺，但下笔时先要写一小短横，然后再向右下方向行笔。

汉字的结构

在有了一定字形基础后，可逐渐向复杂字形延伸学习。因为汉字间架结构非常多，包括上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、独体字等等，其训练原则是由易到难、由简单到复杂的顺序来学习。

具体结构分析

一、上、下结构

剧有主角配角、画有近景远景，字有主笔和次笔。上下结构由两部分组成，我们要分析出来主笔和次笔，主笔也就是伸展笔画，是在上部还是下部，上下结构的字伸展笔画一般只讨论横向伸展。

上下结构主笔原则

横向伸展笔画相排斥，上下两部分只能有一处伸展笔画，要么上宽下窄，要么上窄下宽。

A、上下部有横向伸展笔画，以下部伸展优先。如图A

B、下部没有横向笔画，上部有横向笔画，让上部伸展。如图B

C、上下部都没有横向笔画，保持字体固有形态。如图C

伸展类型

A、不变得偏旁

伸展笔画始终伸展。如下图

B、变化得偏旁

a 、位置不变，随其他笔画变化而变化。

下部有伸展笔画，以下部伸展笔画优先。如下图

b、位置变化（伸展笔画不同）

二、左右结构

1、在现代汉字中，左右结构的字占65%左右，左右结构的字以抑左扬右（左收右放）的原则。

2、伸展原则

A、左右有横定收缩。如图A

B、左右有竖（非贯通整个字的竖画）定伸展。如图B

C、左右都有纵向伸展笔画，右部伸展优先。如图C

D、左右都有横，右部伸展优先。如图D

三、独体字结构

独体字太多不一一讲解，总的原则是

1、左收右放

2、找准伸展笔画

3、讲究黑白平衡，就是字笔画的平衡和留白的平衡。

汉字间结构规律

1、整齐端正，中心平稳；

2、笔画匀称，疏密得宜；

3、比例恰当，形态自然；

4、点画呼应，气势连贯；

5、笔画避就，偏旁迎让；

6、俯仰有致，向背分明；

7、中宫收紧，主画舒展；

8、同画异写，同形求变。

单字训练

在进行单字练习时，应当本着由易到难的原则进行。先选择一些简单书写的、笔画少的字来练习，如“口”、“木”、“三”、“交”、“永”等，它们中间既有笔画组合，也是字形训练的基础。练习时主要采取精准临摹为佳，许多人在学习初期采用描红的方法，值得推荐给入门学习者。

章法训练

章法就是硬笔书法的作品形式安排，例如如何写一首唐诗的硬笔书法作品，就要涉及到行、列字数、行数、列数的安排，其主要原则是：排列整齐、行列对齐。正文与落款要符合书法的基本要求。尤其是在落款时，要写上年月和姓名，有印章的话，也要盖上印章最好，这就是一幅完整的书法作品了。

章法训练时，可借鉴或临摹其他人的作品，等自己熟练了以后，再逐步过渡到自己的创作中。

总之，硬笔书法入门最困难的是要过临摹关，这个时期是打基础的阶段，只有把这个基础打牢靠了，后面的书写才会形成良好的习惯，进入到书写或创作中就不再困难了。

写好书法要点

1、明确目的， 端正态度，下定练好字的决心。

要充分认识练字的重大意义，树立想学、愿学、刻苦学好的信心，排除思想障碍，坚决改正不良的书写习惯。如果认为写字好坏无关紧要，当然就不会认真学。如果单凭兴趣去学，也往往会一遇到困难， 就松懈下来，半途而废。所以，立志是写好字的前提。

2、培养兴趣，增强信心。

要学好一门知识或技术，首先要喜欢它，要有兴趣。兴趣有先天的，也有后天培养起来的。要培养一个人的兴趣，关键在于要有培养这种兴趣的条件。

3、勤加练习，熟能生巧。

时间充裕的时候可多做些大幅的临摹练习或是创作，零散的时间可做些个别难字的练习，没有笔和纸的情况下可以做“划地划被”(以枝条为笔在地面上书写)和“书空”练习(用手指在空中默写临摹过的范字)。总之，只有多加练习，自己的书法才能写的好。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法有硬笔书法与毛笔书法之分，硬笔指的就是那种笔头坚硬的笔，例如","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔等，而毛笔的笔尖非常柔软有弹性。硬笔的线条表现可以借鉴毛笔的笔法，所以如果要认真学书法，建议先学毛笔书法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwQUd8CwAo04YWxND78cWICvnvx"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"区别与联系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZMoKdggIoo6GAwxAdjmcrerWnOd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"两者的区别","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RsOWd6iMeo46icxYbuKciOuOnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔书法和硬笔书法有着不一样的地方，以下是他们的区别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Omgod46aGokUQWxOoPvcZBKZn7c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质不同 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkCQdSo8eo8aI8xSqnAcpGaLnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔多用羊，兔，鸡，黄鼠狼等动物的毫毛制成的，所以笔尖比较软，而","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"硬笔","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"则以金铜铁等硬质材料制成，所以笔头比较硬，例如常见的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠笔","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RqWwdQuCeoWeeYxsdlecCT5Onlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条质感不同","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OI8GdkigCo8OcOxzOlIczisbnGH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔线条质感柔软丰润，笔画或飘若行云或雄厚稳健，刚柔相济、有血有肉。由于毛笔伸缩性大，笔头","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可舒可敛","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，所以其笔画宽窄，大小悬殊线面并用表现丰富。而硬笔的笔迹质感坚实挺秀，骨感强烈，硬笔","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔尖","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"开合能力较小，笔画粗细均匀，线条明快简约。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKq8dO4E6oI8aUxOGErcubaMnGU"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用途不同","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQagdQAGOoqS8IxmQokc7fGQnac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔书法一般字形较大，篇幅较大，易于欣赏，适用于练字作画，并且多适合写大字，而硬笔比较适合练习小楷等等，而且书写方便还便于修改，基本不受纸张限制，故广泛用于各行各业。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JuUqdsgoEooqQ4x0IXlcqw4gnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYSMdwgK0ou0WIxE9JOcC4BpnVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"两者的联系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYQadO4EYoYsaIxYVr5cQcZ8nHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法之所以被称为书法，是因为它和毛笔书法之间有着不可分割的联系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VycSdcCuuoUG44xspu1cYZwSnOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、 他们都是以汉字为载体，把汉字作为表现对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUsgdacwooc4OSxsnK8cnRMDnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 两者虽然笔法不同，但结构规律和章法基本一致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2W2dIoWMoEMmmxkXAyc1jMTnUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 硬笔的线条可以借鉴毛笔的笔法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nu2YdsCsOomgAKxaXboc07Zfntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":537,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"两者的联系","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1445213211a544fd8c1127745b175e58","width":825},"text":"","id":"Q0iudcMoKo0iwSxiCSmcJQ9PnSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习毛笔书法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FywedMsaiouyi6xuXBQcxmcynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古人云:“取法乎上，仅得其中，取法乎中，仅得乎下”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwiEduSoAowciWxgRmTcSJEOnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔书法是中国沿袭千年的文化艺术，凝结了中华民族的智慧，是一门独特的线条造型","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"艺术，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"被誉为“无言的诗，无形的舞，无图的画，无声的乐”。一支毛笔，界破虚空，在纸上挥洒出千变万化的线条，能给书写者和观赏者带来莫大的精神享受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VEe8doCAgoAqI2xQh48cONu8ntc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IacKdEuU4omEImxSHXDc4we4nmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者想要学好毛笔字，首先需要准备一些写毛笔字用到的文房四宝等工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TcKOdICUso6Uu8xuS35cpnZDnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要材料和工具如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcuMdO4I8oEegqxsXQqctcgPnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、毛笔：笔的大小、笔锋长短、笔毫的软硬都要根据自己所写字体来选择；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUemdgO4yog4icxtXsvcPM6onIA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、墨：墨汁建议选择好一些的，有利于行笔；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIs0decWQom0EYxOgDcc4499nph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、纸：宣纸，生宣熟宣以及几成熟都是根据字体来选择，具体可以咨询售卖的店家。同时建议刚开始使用毛边纸练习，节约成本；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOUwda22WoaAQCxWo5LcQBPOnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、砚：主要用于盛墨汁及蘸笔、舔笔；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sk0WdIu4eooGiwxeqHlcuxIrndg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、笔洗：盛清水，用于清洗毛笔；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xmosd0iCOoiU2uxS6OhcTbeyn8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、毡子：毛毡，垫在纸下面，防止弄脏书案，以及“跑墨”；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEwGdSia6oiOeoxGI53cs0ndnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镇纸：压住纸张，可减少纸张的皱褶对写字的影响；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUoadM8c8o6c0uxOM7fc1BXqnNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、此外，根据需要，还有笔架、印章、印泥、字帖等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCuCduEakowgIGxCSJ6clBjanrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqAQdAwgioMCwUxENYpcNB4CnRf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OMmMdOcoioWoYwxbd2XcQbFtnmm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、毛笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAeOdUk6qoG6cCxCH7pci43Anfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0a51c1abf124d04bd34c1fb58f80503","width":724},"text":"","id":"PsY4dqiqSooIkGxsDe1c9aZgnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓文房四宝中的第一件那就是“笔”，学习毛笔书法，我们当然要准备好毛笔这个最基本的物件，我们在选择毛笔上要注意毛笔的大、中、小之分，不同大小的毛笔，对于创作的作品，写出的字也是有所不同的，像特大的斗笔和提笔，就适合书写一些匾额或者是大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AwqWd426aowSCexeQmyceNDen0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔也可以按笔锋来分，毛笔有长锋、中锋、短锋之分，长锋写出的书法作品线条比较流畅，短锋写出的作品比较浑厚，中锋写出的作品中和了长锋和短锋毛笔的优点，所以初学毛笔书法的朋友们，比较建议选择狼毫中锋毛笔，比较方便日常的练习，更容易上手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ukuwd2iKEoKIQGxuUK9cL7RAnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyuQd8yWao64eIxc4aqcgzf7nyw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWkOdMYKUoqWS2xsNJWcj3zwn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬毫笔笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WaGwdoIIko0kI4xCMGGcDgHPnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WauAdC68QoY44SxQzEYcZs7unmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeWIde20Ao2icyxqWyScY2GbnPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/56b010f09c8e4d548b5973a7102cdb4e","width":900},"text":"","id":"JUU6dcQQioGoayxARHrcF7etnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQk2d4ygmoe4qexKNdycmbRLn9o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEwQdkqayo6eg2xQ3lac3faqnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"软毫笔笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgSEd62OcocQyCxoDBUcyWbynqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、羊毫笔羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UacOdWcoMoWOAwx0KniczkN1nQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、鸡毫笔鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMqkd4IQwo2yEkxui7JcZNAKnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、胎毫笔胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萧子云","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AMSOdUMUMoa0IGxCYUec0isznxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D、兼毫笔笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuY2d0suYoEOukxyMCxcA28Snub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GyG6d4KiWoKiCgx2Dl9cgspYnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的毛笔的要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4KQdg4MKoEaq2xUtwRcX9d3n5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIeQdYMkaos4o4xYR8CcNQDKncb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将笔头沾水捏扁，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔端","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的毛整齐无不齐现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQauduaqSo42CSxOVzFcsO1FnTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSW4dUUEgoeEq2xK4udcZllnn63"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V6EYdmWUioEY26xqw8JcQ9wTnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOWgd8wUEouoEUxmOHVcV2KAnnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、墨汁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqGsdYEKKo8uKuxoOrPcgknMno2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcdb693268bf4ffbbb9973730f7401f4","width":800},"text":"","id":"NWY4duaQAoW2iKxMTXecyn7anre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古人多是在写字前先磨墨，现在写书法多选用墨汁，写起来要简单省力很多，练字的墨汁和创作作品不同，可以按自己的经济情况，选择自己经济条件能够接受的墨汁即可，练习毛笔书法不是一朝一夕可以练习好的，所以墨汁也是一个消耗品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qg8sd2WIGou0yUxQfyjcOAN5nrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、宣纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TskedmKUOowMCoxuG1pcZwdDnQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":583,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d81bca46acce4aeb86d650faa20277e6","width":918},"text":"","id":"SEKod6CwooAQqkxISh6cPWCznTz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习书法常用的是宣纸，宣纸大家在选择的时候要注意，宣纸分为生宣、熟宣、半生半熟宣纸，不同工艺制作而成的宣纸，写出来的效果也是不同的，初学者比较建议选择半生半熟的宣纸，比较适合书法的书写和练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYgSdCCCcoGmiYxuE0bcwgWrn4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、砚台","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AasGdmqgsoeKW4xWSgucnwzEnue"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":561,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88bc6174435d42d987bd8d19cc1ebd6e","width":815},"text":"","id":"JU2edO84moGSACxmGFBcWLeYnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"砚台是用来盛放墨汁的，古代人是要用砚台来磨墨，可我们现在写书法基本用的都是墨汁，所以在砚台的选择上，我们可以选择带盖子及水槽的火锅砚，这样可以让我们的墨汁干得慢一些，不会照成不必要的浪费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4s2dGQU0o2uUgxemJXcvnTTnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"火锅砚中间部位是用来放墨汁的，外圈一圈是用来加水的，每次写完字后，直接用盖子盖好，这样可以减慢墨汁干硬的速度，方便我们下次使用，对于初学者每日练习书法还是很适用的，不需要每天去重新加墨汁，既帮我们节约了时间，也帮我们节约了墨汁，不会照成浪费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4OgdGqsQoYEsmxafEjcMtPLnGi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、毛毡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QosSdMs4coyuckx0QGyc8Sninpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0dfe944e8934de598058254bea288f0","width":900},"text":"","id":"ByIodKkAsoEgu2x47RgcSOktnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习毛笔书法，我们是用毛笔蘸取墨汁书写的，所以为了防止有墨汁透过纸弄脏桌子，所以建议大家配上一块毛毡，写字前先将毛毡铺在桌子上，然后再铺上宣纸练字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q86CdmcC0oieQUxM15xc9wZInYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、镇纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XaECdEAuSo84a8xkpZvclvAPnEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":580,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3297c330ea454b189dfe28d290ca01d0","width":855},"text":"","id":"SCm6dQYcUoE8Y4xCguYcvGMNnQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镇纸是我们在练习书法的时候，用来压住纸张，防止纸张晃动移位的，镇纸的材质也比较多，价格上差距也比较大，大家根据自己的喜好选择即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WscydOcmgoqw80xI1JBcfFHWnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、笔搁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYmEdIS4ao4amsx0Esycrzh1nxg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdf404146cd9499ba68e5e23f46fd795","width":604},"text":"","id":"CMiMdCQeuogU86xaKIUcH90Pnzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔搁也叫笔托，我们在练习书法的时候，毛笔上是沾了墨汁的，这个时候你如果将毛笔放在桌子上，或者纸上，毛笔上的墨汁就会把桌子或者宣纸弄脏，所以我们要准备一个笔搁，在我们写累了，暂时不写的时候，将带着墨汁的毛笔放在笔搁上，给我们一个放笔的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VuQ2dSCU8o6csYx8kOkcmgdInwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、笔架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQeAdWy22owESExeEmtcx5zVndg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":605,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9490bd2d0cd849bab83b7a99a64ac6cb","width":581},"text":"","id":"Hqu6dWQ4ao4e0IxGPFDclwQnnDy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔架是用来悬挂毛笔的，我们每天练习完书法，会将用过的毛笔清洗干净，为了下次使用起来方便，我们可以将毛笔挂在笔架上，这样我们下次书写的时候，就比较方便我们选择自己需要的毛笔了，笔架即是放置毛笔的支架，也是一种装饰摆件，大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择自己中意的笔架。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmGgd8ueQo0ku4xUlmDcOmuZnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQc6dWMI8o2W4gx4gLUc7lpNnoe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":587,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/615d153a0ceb46f3912cbd0146d768f7","width":894},"text":"","id":"CsWydacmuoAiCoxMrBUcWzDDnBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖是我们练字临摹用到的模板，在选择字帖上大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，每个人对于不同的书法字体的喜好都有所不同，所以大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，我个人比较建议初学者从唐楷入手练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WgKgdMAococUY0xEFEFcGA4Tnrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学写毛笔书法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOMUda6keoMMcUxaukKcVBoSnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习书法首先要有一个正确的书写姿势，要求头正、身直、臂开、足安;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4wUd6UWAoI8Aqx4vsZcXaV1n6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次就是掌握正确的执笔方法，只有这样才能更好地学习书法。执笔方法的正确与否，直接关系到书写的效果，所以历代书家都很重视握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8Ood4AaQocSQ8xs1Mic0rSHnCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcgEdqgOooQqqYx024gcYRGDnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代学习书法所谓正确的握笔姿势指的是就是“五指握笔法”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Juq8dC2yioUQq6xYl7hcnpLinhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu8ed08QQoKMs0xKKf5crrDWnxd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f29467c0f2ad430195c460774c852b62","width":448},"text":"","id":"ZokIdkSgCoCAQwxgbrVcYe53nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五指握笔法简单的说就是五个手指都有各自的用途。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XY8ydsKamoi0OYxc7xCcRwEynqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大拇指握笔时候应该起到一个按的力量，力的方向是食指和中指的中间部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bq6Ad6ameoSMkYxWm0AciHHin9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"食指握笔的时候是起到了一个勾的力量，力的方向是大拇指方向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OAwmdkKcioMsAOxSef0cYfyZned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中指握笔第一二节包裹的笔管，三指其实就可以拿住笔了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FsC8dUuwooWMKEx25btcATQqnEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"无名和小拇指起到的一个稳定扶住的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKGOdWekKoaIgAxMH32c2Erzn4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VW0udKK88oyWQKxa0oqcCu1xnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以根据一套正确的握笔姿势图来学习一下拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gk6GdGIMwoCwmSxu6EJcXYWNnFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/01a36340cc2944f9befabc6e104d57f2","width":779},"text":"","id":"XoCSdAqk6oGYO8xz7ntcbYBknnQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.右手伸开手掌，四指自然并拢，大拇指自然向上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUiMdKGo6oEwA2x6OtLc9fEanih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":479,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ad4329d83034b97b20e385ee028aa9a","width":809},"text":"","id":"HKMIdsq8Qo8eaKxgtkXcDKbdnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.自然的将右手无名和小拇指进行弯曲，并中指食指，自然稍有弯曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScWEdK8YKoYqSExU7SbcNvW9nLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f30af16138764f14b566034c3acee545","width":807},"text":"","id":"GaMAdsQYsoMgo8xWT2Mc8J1wnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.左手拿笔直接放到中指和无名指处，垂直右手拿笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O2Iud2EWaoCCa4xIJPecgPb8nqf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3af16b1ba55b4005807154669ac8e283","width":806},"text":"","id":"Wew8dE4CUoOwKuxauSScQo7RnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.大拇指按压笔管，感受上面我们我们讲的几个手指的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkGadWs8wowQe2xQNTdcC4sonJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经常学习毛笔的话有几天的时间手指就会习惯拿笔的姿势，前期可能会有所不舒服，只要掌握好几个手指的位置和力量，稍加练习就学会了，以上就是拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0o4dAecmoSyaKxKeVvckoDEnef"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqOkdUIcaoaKMExeQAbc4VTVnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学毛笔书法，我们往往不知道从哪方面入手，怎么去学。不少人一开始就临摹字字帖，这当然可以，但没有领悟到书法的精髓。那么，对于初学毛笔书法，我建议要分五步来学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YQWEdCECSoyesoxaeWAcGdLPnP0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步，首先学写“横”的笔画。横分为短、中、长三种，短横要粗，长横要细，中要匀。要把握横的起笔和落笔要领，也就是露锋和回锋（藏锋）的技巧。起笔要慢，走锋要匀，收笔要慢而有劲，不拖泥带水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UaSidsEqgoQUSkxO69fcQwLfnZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60ff89311ab1426e8d349a7295496f75","width":726},"text":"","id":"Tg0gd2QU4o44uYxioZccTuNgnue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQ6mdMUWcoScaaxs3rxctDUMn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步，要学好“竖”的笔法，竖主要分为悬针竖和垂露竖，当然还有其他写法，如点竖等。竖的起笔绝大多数是逆锋运笔。关键是竖的收笔，悬针竖收笔如飞机离开跑道一样，轻轻收笔露尖。垂露竖侧行笔至末端轻轻回笔稍顿藏锋，如一个人走到路的尽头伸个懒腰再往回走。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyosduocWoU6owxSqHbcAgQenRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a9006238c2254e9799238928630ba796","width":801},"text":"","id":"XeSmdu0oAoaaYmxwRCKcdiHjnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步，要学好“点”的几种写法，点的写法一般分为左点、右点、长点。点的写法看似简单，实际很讲笔锋。有些是笔锋轻入重出，如右点、左点，要求起笔轻而细，收笔重而有形，就如打太极拳一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MOUedimkIoEUWcxo3IzcoRQenwf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":433,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c2a53ffbf6b04e928f6b8fc04de43f53","width":500},"text":"","id":"FG40d6gEioEe6axErFLcTLFVnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步，要注意横、竖、点的头尾比例，哪头大哪头小，做到心中有数，行笔才有形。另外，还要把握笔划之间的间隔和连接要领掌握好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkoudsKOCo2e8ixY3IrcoTlwnFb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":504,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ada7b6675149490397287344ff4c97f1","width":756},"text":"","id":"ASIcdyCycok8usxidUmcV9wnnRy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，要把握字的偏旁部首的基础写法，基础不牢地动山摇。偏旁部首写好了，才能认真去领悟字体的结构，笔划少的字要浑厚方正，笔划多的字要精细雅致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIoWdiWIooCksgxc5D2c3faNnhb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":725,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2b4a342147f1425ab7c77f4f7d38f169","width":467},"text":"","id":"L0GMdUOmSoKMY4xYjSec1byBnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQcKdOoMuoa4u0x6K1Hcup2gnNg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B0OEdiYu2o4awmxI0hIceKMynib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优美的结构也是书法艺术的核心，结构可以分为：主次、布白和变化三部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WMkAd6QW0oq6WixqS83cVjLJneh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、主次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DEumdKukmowy0cx0mHGceCR5ngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何事物都有主次之分，书法也讲究主次分明。一字之中总有一至三个突出的重点笔，这些笔画一般要求写得舒展挺拔，凸显整字精神，其他笔画要稍收敛一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScUSdCkkoogk2axOao0c8go2nkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUgCdKeI6oMYqKx48CUcviFlnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"变化如同一片森林，找不到完全相同的两棵树，一棵树上找不到完全相同的两片树叶。书法上也要求有变化。如长短、轻重、粗细、大小、角度、快慢变化等，变则生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Co0wdgkgGo0A2uxck5HcsjXWnHQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、布白。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeUadOaW2ociE6xKS5McOQcNnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"布白均匀，一字之中笔画分布均匀，空间分割平均。篆刻中讲“分朱布白”、“计白当黑”，正是此意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAc8d8MyKo6aEUxQfa5cIoGAn0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HyweduW6aoGKQyxi8mIcIwUUnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖，全凭自己想法随意写，是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力，要持之以恒，戒骄戒躁，不能一曝十寒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZS6kdO0QmoE8q8xOoXScTflHnjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39b870a18ec7499c877565a2acbc17cf","width":730},"text":"","id":"OOGCdm6MeoI4IuxQt4dcAvTlnBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学好书法要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkIcdAOQUoimeOxK89Ycu47hnGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、练眼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LUOadEAEyogQi2xMRMPcY8i8nvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练眼即认真读帖，读帖是学习书法过程中的一种手段也是一种能力的培养。读的帖越多，眼力提高得就会越快,就知道了如何才写好，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"好在哪里？","id":""},{"type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、笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X20GdEoMsoKCw8xMt8GcpcKLnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法的书写工具包括钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等，多数人练字会选用钢笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQKkdouQ2oSqICxaY1Icd6icnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIoOdGogSoUwwGxN7KicNtkmnCO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NEw8dmocIoiEImxYZjbcQWgGnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CckcdUuiAokoE8xicxMcTpbsnXf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/500e9ac4a47b4fc8b88e716ff8106ad1","width":795},"text":"","id":"Fo0EdUaiMo88AExQLWycx5oUnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔作为硬笔书法书写工具的一种，其实是有着一些优势的，铅笔的主要成分是铅和石墨，这在物理特性上就让它有着可以擦除，重复书写的优势，尤其在启蒙教育、中小学教育中，铅笔是有着无可比拟的优势的。不单单这样，由于铅和石墨的混合，使得铅笔的书写体验很流畅，书写起来毫不费力，可以很轻松地达到自己想要的效果。所以铅笔是比较适合初学者练习的。但铅笔的缺陷是易折断、易褪色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HOcwdCcKgoQeCmxslvxcrDwxnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Piemdi8uSo6s0GxMbTDcYmHmnOf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f2e8059863b46f8abffd2ccd635ab15","width":894},"text":"","id":"FsWOd4eSeoSqI6x2JElcjnElnee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的优点也很多，也是比较适合练字的。钢笔练字能体现力度和笔锋，可以顿笔、收笔，还能写出接近毛笔的效果来。但钢笔价格较高、蓄墨比较麻烦、携带不便等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AacAdoc4coK0CEx4fAtcHphKnOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚开始练字的时候可以先使用铅笔，练习控笔的技巧，到一定程度后再转而开始使用钢笔练字。使用铅笔时，一定要削好铅笔，铅笔不要削得太尖也不要太粗。刚刚削好的铅笔如果太尖就在废纸上轻轻划几下，如果写粗了，可以转动铅笔，换个方向写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SM2Qd6iwsoicUqxG4AgckKcAnqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不介意使用中性笔，中性笔书写时需要有一个下压的力量，这会导致学习运笔动作时多了一个影响因素。同时中性笔出锋靠的是压力变化，这也导致学习者的习惯在硬笔中并不通用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q4agdU6qeo6EwkxaOq5cU5FCnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2 、纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEq8dgkc6oAeW6xcvsacwGsFngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张包括一般复印纸、专用硬笔书法纸、格子纸，纸张的选择原则是不渗纸为佳，有时候在购买硬笔纸张时，用钢笔写字就会有洇墨的现象，可先试试。格子纸是厂家印刷好的，方便书写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TioGduYmEoeWIsxWaAccKZ1PnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法入门，方格纸作为入门练字纸最为恰当，同时，蒙肯纸书写性能最具有通用性且价格低廉，所以建议使用方格蒙肯书法练习纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4cWdeQAUoyyMGxMN64c5gS1n8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3 、墨水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6amdMECWom64gxF0fRcWn1XnfB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"德国笔都可以用凌美T52，福林812也可以用鸵鸟墨水。至于彩墨，戴阿米等如雷贯耳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OMoGdw44Eoy0mqx2FqAcYlrjnqL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4 、书法垫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VkCmdyQEMoOOuOxkDWsc54xcnwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硅胶硬笔书法垫，有助于保持纸面平整和良好的写感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6scdUyEcouOucx4euwcP6O3nlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5 、字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6gAd0OqyoaqCixeINvclxCJn0O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我一贯主张根据个性选择字帖。不过入门时候，不外乎三种选择：卢中南楷书基础，赵孟頫道德经，文征明草堂十志。文征明的字笔法简单，套路清晰，更容易入门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WkCmdkws2oI8oUxWkBTcX0ftndg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":692,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62bf4df846aa4a69830df37c3b809641","width":710},"text":"","id":"CgQ2dYCCsoyQaSxEovEcv3arn1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学写硬笔书法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqCcd0oSAoMequxwLnIcePGGnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法具有广泛的群众基础，哪怕是一个小学生，在初学写字时都要按照一定的规则进行硬笔书法的学习和训练，因为这不仅是一个人的“门面”，更是学生的“卷面分”。下面介绍下如何才能在零基础的情况下，写好硬笔字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EamydiimMoo6U8xGM9vc4kM5nvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FS86dIaOQoGouexuSUdcOkexnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYi4dWiSEoSAomxcnI7cHDq4n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔姿势，用右手的拇指、食指的指肚和中指的侧面分别从三个不同方向捏住笔杆的下端，使之形成合力。无名指和小指自然弯曲，手腕轻贴桌面，以形成安稳的“支撑点”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iew4dAWiQoscYMxkHM8c9vuBnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔步骤是，四点执笔→两指捏紧→形如鸡蛋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8uedOAUgoKukyxYHE9czS5nnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔方法，笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些，手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米。笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Asg8dmKcGoq2SUxyeSDcIK6Bnbb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9aeef25205c34a1b8981a5b8b1008d90","width":807},"text":"","id":"FIIkdqoeKoiUmSxILEocH19YnOg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d35c114423a24b379f5492efc276307a","width":788},"text":"","id":"N6CUd48I4oGw4gxAJnXckuiynlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d35c114423a24b379f5492efc276307a","width":788},"text":"","id":"N6CUd48I4oGw4gxAJnXckuiynlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/654b84f6fba74caf81a6fd6f55481148","width":809},"text":"","id":"FgS0dYSa2ooWCsxwTzVc2HknnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/654b84f6fba74caf81a6fd6f55481148","width":809},"text":"","id":"FgS0dYSa2ooWCsxwTzVc2HknnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":404,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9394e84d866d4b0d97a9a1f39d542b39","width":806},"text":"","id":"DmAOdeqSmoqeiAxwxEkcwu8YnDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":404,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9394e84d866d4b0d97a9a1f39d542b39","width":806},"text":"","id":"DmAOdeqSmoqeiAxwxEkcwu8YnDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/64b3235bbb0346beaa60d03a6edfc205","width":806},"text":"","id":"Qw8gdKWwOoiAcYxW1bmcNpEJn7w"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/64b3235bbb0346beaa60d03a6edfc205","width":806},"text":"","id":"Qw8gdKWwOoiAcYxW1bmcNpEJn7w"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f7e35e38951d41498f906a74ec8a9ec2","width":796},"text":"","id":"C26wdCUWUooY86xwo96cMgYUnVD"}],"text":"","id":"T2yCdQgakoQMu2xSCjvcvupVnMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果幼儿握笔方法不正确，握笔太低，不仅写字时手容易疲劳，还会因握笔太低挡住视线，因而是扭身歪头，引起坐姿不良、眼与物距离过近。笔是孩子学习的必需用具。孩子主要用铅笔写字，握笔的方法和写字的姿势是否正确，和笔杆的长短也有一定关系。笔杆太短，为了能看得清楚，只好低歪着头、扭着身子写字。因此，当铅笔用到原长的1/2时，应加笔帽，以增加其长度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2yCdQgakoQMu2xSCjvcvupVnMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BUqCdwycYoykOqxy0Ywc0AeMnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的错误执笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOKCdMiKeoaUQyx08jocskVbnXh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、抱拳锄地、书写费劲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkSydgwA6o0eqcxOWavcSg8gnsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2bc3e71cead24336b5eba6bb30418891","width":786},"text":"","id":"Ik2edgIOwoc8EsxeaVccGMnenfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"tex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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MIaQdcEs0oAIOuxwEMvcqOhGnQC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RsGodUY82oi4EsxcHs1crqChn1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点像一个水滴，但它不是画出来的，而是写出来的。轻笔入纸后，逐渐加重力量向右下写去，最后在收笔时重压下去，会形成“水肚”，一个点的形状就出来了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C0mUdieIGoqCQoxmMaDcFFYuned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意，写点的时候有三个步骤，一是轻入纸，二是向右下行，三是重收笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KoGWdQw4GoKiAcxIPeOc4cmcnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点是汉字最基本的笔画之一，它可以出现在汉字的上下左右，里外边角各个部位，其方向有向左、向右、向上、向下等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BK8odqE8coeskSxU55Jc3N87n1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要学习和掌握6种点的写法：斜点、垂点、撇点、上下点、相向点、相背点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0Wkdq4yIo2gWyxe81Gc7ol5nwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、斜点：空中落笔，向右下运笔，至末端顿笔收笔，略带斜势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQm8dkq02o6sOYxsZ7QcBkjPnNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":900,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b8de576e90a4115a76bcba2d996731c","width":900},"text":"","id":"V4qAdaqUqo4QkkxsTYucy4whnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、垂点：空中落笔，向左下运笔，至末端顿笔回收。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkIEds8w6oaoIqxSYmCcP71aned"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":798,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7634b92450a94d728c3a926f6d30c7e8","width":798},"text":"","id":"VmkidKgEqocCUyxgDJzcExlynOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、撇点：起笔后下按，稍顿，向左下撇出。注意起笔至撇出要果断轻盈，用力渐弱，一气呵成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yq2odwawgoSG4Ixqea7cKKpln4e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":636,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30889e734121403b9b8a27c9f61e1be1","width":636},"text":"","id":"LGoAdMUSGoyW8sx6kizcrTkHnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d4326e9d37ee4b9ea817556b156b51dc","width":660},"text":"","id":"V4EudU6SWo420CxCwErcr3r1nwc"}],"text":"","id":"LkAqdIeocoamAGxCMSocIvPgnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、上下点：写法同斜点，由上下两点组成，上点小，下点大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkAqdIeocoamAGxCMSocIvPgnhb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":522,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69d496f8665648f5b6cac6fb04768029","width":522},"text":"","id":"W6ccdmMcAouWIox8atMcLidjnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqEEdueweoKaOKxc5gNcWLvYnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d08a3731a2fe4ed2beaace7530dc8f35","width":552},"text":"","id":"HImadM4CaoQySCxuCBpc8s0Jn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Og2cd4WCooyEaExQjS1cRLmXnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、相向点：一般用于字头，右点的起点要高于左边的点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAUGdM0KYoo2kGx0WJmcRzkwn0g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":888,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0edeadd27704994815402b916cec9f9","width":888},"text":"","id":"Be0kdCECQocm2AxuIU7c4OyMnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IYQidyYQgoW4Iyx27FycPr3ynHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e83947f1f8545dd925788688612886c","width":672},"text":"","id":"F4OYd0mcOoMMmyxEDh8clegcnUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQS8demyMoAOCQxY19DckOMRnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、相背点：一般用于字底，起笔要平齐，落笔左点高右点低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQQedCiccok8MCxuowacsjsnnxc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":820,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/91163352544a458d8543905ac1ae0e55","width":820},"text":"","id":"DYuIdUqESogiiIxwtmKcpcfDnfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkqudUae0omaEYxmyHnc67acnpf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":816,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0c80ba74387c47679fbe10a873e1ed15","width":816},"text":"","id":"FYKydmYMoo0qaExuUW1cwsIKnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FAoKdAs8Eoqq2gxGIytcKG01nTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是基本笔画的六个点画，在练习的时候一定要注意用笔的轻重缓急，沉稳坚定。要想写得好还得勤加练习哦！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ye4Odu0YeoGCCIxAAxecDbKsnKm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6wgdoUMIog0EKxg8BTchLOknri"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横 是我们写字中最常见，写的最多的基本笔画之一。横有六种横，长横，中横，短横，左尖横，右尖横。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyuGdyMEeoc84qxEbpCcpx7TnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画在起笔时先要顿笔入纸，再向右方行笔，最后收笔时，再顿一下，形成收笔状态。注意，横画的姿态并不是水平平直的，而是要向右上方倾斜一点角度才好看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OII0dYOysoKsmwxgfvQcte2Anzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“长横”的写法：下笔稍重，然后向右上方行笔，行笔时轻轻提起，收笔时重按一下，让笔画变重些，这样看起来显得平稳。“横平竖直”不是说横要水平，而是看上去要平稳的意思。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOiudgmQsoqk4Sx4t1vcrmS3nLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":237,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e9e7d1b90da433e9f308d53e61a86f2","width":571},"text":"","id":"EEKedceGOoQqcex0BBXcdf66ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“短横”的写法：短横有两种不同的写法，一种下笔稍按后向右上行笔，粗细变化不大；一种是入笔较轻，向右上行笔时逐渐加重收笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOAUdykemoO0ecxgBOacVc5an2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":244,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b8cc808125cb4fcf94580fbe430d9c33","width":532},"text":"","id":"Leg2dUSEqoe8cYxGT3Bc7NnWnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中横的写法，比长横短，但比短横长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UW44d6MOeo6wymxovdnc8A8Bnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜横，笔画长度跟长横一样，但笔画往右上方倾斜，且角度大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QqiedCcwuoAcU4xQHyXcIMHmnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左尖","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"横，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔画左尖右粗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8Umdu8gwogaKQxI3X7cl38PnQh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":483,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd025acbeb341e58a3f33eb0341f550","width":458},"text":"","id":"Vg4qd6YYaoca8AxU1jNcwDENnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右尖横，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔画左粗右尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0qEdO62coCYMkxrEwzc6lnwnni"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KMmGdiUkUoU2gex0Ewicrls1nte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6a2deamqoKg8qxYhVac3cR9nUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖画的写法","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"竖画分为两种，一种是悬针竖，另一种是垂露竖。这两种竖画的起笔写法都是相同的，顿笔入纸，垂直向下行笔，在收笔时，悬针竖要逐渐提笔，使笔尖走在笔画的中间，最后形成像针尖一样的状态，而垂露竖在收笔时不提笔，保持同样的力量大小，收笔处回一下笔锋即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZM4Qdw4oKosoiSxkqVicLptEnnb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":580,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc24b2df78e44ef28c970dce299fa81e","width":803},"text":"","id":"QoGGduow6o6GC4xDgHUcFhUtnkH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇捺画的写法：这两个笔画写法是一样的，只不过姿态方向不一。撇画是顿笔入纸后，向左方由重到轻行笔，直到收笔时形成一个尖的形状，捺画是轻笔入纸，逐渐加重，最后收笔时要顿一笔，再向右外方由重到轻送出笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMkqdSMGqosQMwxMzPmcHrIJnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇有斜撇、短撇、竖撇之分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWGSdYm8ooQUuaxuSnUci2Xyn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜撇：斜撇的写法是，下笔稍重，由重到轻向左下行笔，收笔时出尖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkQUdYeMUoQAaWxArMCcbz5enyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":150,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50e139ae66294936a7c13d56d9174e44","width":792},"text":"","id":"TK4edgge4oS4C0x2pAQcFmMRn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇：短撇写法同斜撇，只是笔画较短。短撇在字头出现时，笔画形态较平（也有叫做平撇的），如“千、反、禾、后、丢”等字；短撇和撇点有时可以互换，特别是在字的左下部位出现时，往往写成撇点，如“真、典、只”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LYOQdMkuioOuQcx484ucGjz8n9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/715315c9e8aa436e84226c515bfca49f","width":795},"text":"","id":"YWswdUOQYoUi0IxcC4zcjnbFnBn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖撇：竖撇下笔稍重，由重到轻向下行笔，行至撇的长度三分之二处，向左下撇出，收笔时出尖。带风字头的字（如风、凤、凰、凡等）的竖撇弧度更大，需注意区别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyEad8ueEoyM8sxXEhHcJURnnkY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83ce4daee65e422282b25fd0bed951fd","width":791},"text":"","id":"WYeMdWA4KoYmKkxg1pgcMXIknWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺有斜捺和平捺之分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DY0EdcumYoCAeGxMBIjcGVKYnsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜捺：下笔较轻，向右下由轻到重行笔，行至捺脚处重按笔，然后向右水平方向由重到轻提笔拖出，收笔出尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImoYd6QSSoucKKxmq5wcpkCfnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":151,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/00ec88123f314bfab6941946c20fa8b8","width":799},"text":"","id":"B604dE4WEoyoKexUv1zcZY0snYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平捺：写法同斜捺，但下笔时先要写一小短横，然后再向右下方向行笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkSad4MwUoi22ExzqQYcaMCinb1"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4bf18b1a2d64db59728ff3d37928e13","width":794},"text":"","id":"T6mydowkwoCWwIxIrOccgglinCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qq0Ed6cs8ocA0kxRrZsciC2cnMZ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WA68dym4ioGgISx8v5ycgKi3ndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在有了一定字形基础后，可逐渐向复杂字形延伸学习。因为汉字间架结构非常多，包括上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、独体字等等，其训练原则是由易到难、由简单到复杂的顺序来学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKWidMgaWoWGEExIv2McpxW8ned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体结构分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAuOduGycoYQUmxklzeclt8Hn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、上、下结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ISeqdaKsuoew2cx2hyhcZBljnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"剧有主角配角、画有近景远景，字有主笔和次笔。上下结构由两部分组成，我们要分析出来主笔和次笔，主笔也就是伸展笔画，是在上部还是下部，上下结构的字伸展笔画一般只讨论横向伸展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqUcd4cW8o44y0xUxmRcEhz5n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上下结构主笔原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IowedyGIIocOiAxKqn1cSRTtnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横向伸展笔画相排斥，上下两部分只能有一处伸展笔画，要么上宽下窄，要么上窄下宽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQ0EdQOaYou8Q8xo7cgcFUmFn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、上下部有横向伸展笔画，以下部伸展优先。如图A","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAE4dUG8goasGOxagpxco89mnSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、下部没有横向笔画，上部有横向笔画，让上部伸展。如图B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0I2dcUkKoIG2GxUdmBcnMminYT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、上下部都没有横向笔画，保持字体固有形态。如图C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uwk2d4yOioAOQmxo3mpc7QDmnMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f972276860de4b18ba9120c59a457e38","width":700},"text":"","id":"LGgWdIqiMoW6MSxchpfctPk1n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸展类型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K86odEgWaoiCguxiMTVcZvzUnLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、不变得偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CO6gdQwuWo0ouWxC2wZcXTdqnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸展笔画始终伸展。如下图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIW4dsCcEoaCCMxMLxzcquZBnMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05c2e51959b7479dadcaaf0d4242e940","width":684},"text":"","id":"PCcod8MGwoekSuxWBwVc7ekzn20"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、变化得偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsgWdqMMioYIICx6Nb0c8Q5anfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a 、位置不变，随其他笔画变化而变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AG60dsKKMosewcxeqp8cqvwHnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下部有伸展笔画，以下部伸展笔画优先。如下图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiI6dGSgYoe0yexwfQmcLbIknMc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":871,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/198c6a80b0cd4d74b2dbd6bb43e25008","width":641},"text":"","id":"J2gkdEuI4oGQacxym0yczUzEnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"b、位置变化（伸展笔画不同）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GiEYdi4EAoYUMwxoFOlctLYjnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NcECds4O0ommmAxkZjNcUei8nig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":533,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8637c456f31547d8bf81a4e0696408b3","width":656},"text":"","id":"CUUKdwgKyoEEiOxemNvctWwmnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0MOd8GIcoKC6oxVMJHccuCjnkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、左右结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKysdgUkAoUA86xwPizcMaIBnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在现代汉字中，左右结构的字占65%左右，左右结构的字以抑左扬右（左收右放）的原则。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOWCdgSwwooqowxaSfEcMmDqnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、伸展原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QIMgdgmeYoSesaxGAnkcpQqcnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、左右有横定收缩。如图A","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkOYdU2auoiE0Qx8MhlciaqlnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、左右有竖（非贯通整个字的竖画）定伸展。如图B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lww4da8Moo4ECkxqmNOcLeg2n2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、左右都有纵向伸展笔画，右部伸展优先。如图C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FCoOdeIi8oisqIxkojSc2lqlngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D、左右都有横，右部伸展优先。如图D","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W26SdGw60oC06CxCuL9cLNBYn7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":301,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e9fb57cc01664b0585c8c94dbbf93061","width":632},"text":"","id":"NK4WdyI4MoeAcSxaIxmcoSJLnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UwkCdiyc4oqkq4xyG03cLjSBn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、独体字结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYwKdIIWCo6aECxuYIvcK2XQnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独体字太多不一一讲解，总的原则是","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xw2QdQocwoqGWixqMx0c4KGZnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、左收右放","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG8IdUqaSoso4wxU1WrcBMqDnXN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、找准伸展笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGSWdkMAeoKiAixMr8fcKVLGnfm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、讲究黑白平衡，就是字笔画的平衡和留白的平衡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcOCdSAo2oyKaGxqI9scqP6Envc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JmYedEmeIoueeuxwIs0cpJ8dnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字间结构规律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UKakdSE6koKuaCxembscpKyQnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、整齐端正，中心平稳；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TcYQdMa8ioK8o8xefracIsMZnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔画匀称，疏密得宜；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Y0dUeuAo2QOExM9Ffc7Giinie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、比例恰当，形态自然；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWgedG2OCoIgMYxm4JWcraidnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、点画呼应，气势连贯；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NomAdSEkqoIUeSxKc2yc4Vennye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、笔画避就，偏旁迎让；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P62MdaUU8ooSsqxKqt5csd1Wn6E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、俯仰有致，向背分明；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOQCdSqSeoiuYWxqgx5cQlHMnXm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、中宫收紧，主画舒展；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W4CidCW2koSEc2xqkJOcD3jRnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、同画异写，同形求变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OCeqd6uCcoCI4AxZTtncdcKEnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GiyYdEgCwoeMsGxU1fRc736Inwg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单字训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoYsdGmIsoQsyMxKCjGcMIVxnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在进行单字练习时，应当本着由易到难的原则进行。先选择一些简单书写的、笔画少的字来练习，如“口”、“木”、“三”、“交”、“永”等，它们中间既有笔画组合，也是字形训练的基础。练习时主要采取精准临摹为佳，许多人在学习初期采用描红的方法，值得推荐给入门学习者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2Gwdy0IgomOuGxYp1fchfTMnpc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03dab82e333d4f039f5d97396c00930e","width":400},"text":"","id":"MO8Md6S44o4oUYxWILTcIoFlnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FyAUdyWMgo8IOoxg3iHcVg12nvh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fe8WdoEQWoOoCAx6Sxuc9gugnob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法就是硬笔书法的作品形式安排，例如如何写一首唐诗的硬笔书法作品，就要涉及到行、列字数、行数、列数的安排，其主要原则是：排列整齐、行列对齐。正文与落款要符合书法的基本要求。尤其是在落款时，要写上年月和姓名，有印章的话，也要盖上印章最好，这就是一幅完整的书法作品了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4GAdMiEMoSWIuxaq8xc7S2ZnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法训练时，可借鉴或临摹其他人的作品，等自己熟练了以后，再逐步过渡到自己的创作中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkIqdKoSwoGs6uxQNVicnZh4nqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，硬笔书法入门最困难的是要过临摹关，这个时期是打基础的阶段，只有把这个基础打牢靠了，后面的书写才会形成良好的习惯，进入到书写或创作中就不再困难了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyGudSygIoc22QxgTDncYTJPnCe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"章法训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9230a951c7504ddd8ebf0148330d0785","width":790},"text":"","id":"CAKwdQECCoeCk8x4Uf6c0s9HnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OQIIdmO2Aok2ioxYJxYcnLRynPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写好书法要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Toogd4O4EoIUE4xKANqcbGCmn43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PwCSduqcQoMC8AxYrGgcLoWznNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、明确目的， 端正态度，下定练好字的决心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EAYwd6M2Eo8yEAx0ajtczbijnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要充分认识练字的重大意义，树立想学、愿学、刻苦学好的信心，排除思想障碍，坚决改正不良的书写习惯。如果认为写字好坏无关紧要，当然就不会认真学。如果单凭兴趣去学，也往往会一遇到困难， 就松懈下来，半途而废。所以，立志是写好字的前提。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyYMdm02so8ogUxOuCTc9ZannZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、培养兴趣，增强信心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RWUqdwwwKoCgaAxoDftc45LJnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要学好一门知识或技术，首先要喜欢它，要有兴趣。兴趣有先天的，也有后天培养起来的。要培养一个人的兴趣，关键在于要有培养这种兴趣的条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RC2udukoqogS8QxwX3OccYHcnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勤加练习，熟能生巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2EEdEOAyo88KSxSEMHcDuYInCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间充裕的时候可多做些大幅的临摹练习或是创作，零散的时间可做些个别难字的练习，没有笔和纸的情况下可以做“划地划被”(以枝条为笔在地面上书写)和“书空”练习(用手指在空中默写临摹过的范字)。总之，只有多加练习，自己的书法才能写的好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X0YsdEksgoKEKExyEHScnViHnmh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写好书法要点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c67f4a83f42f45f581fed263ab9b620c","width":560},"text":"","id":"FCqwdcIaooCk8kxibOQcPSy6n7Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HkMedusSeoa84gxSUhDcQOLYnCb"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

9. 字体设计cnd

大部分人认为学平面设计，需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。

平面设计自学需要从简单的理论基础开始，学习基本的设计软件，掌握基本的设计技能那就是自学的最重要的步骤。

下面让我们一起来学习吧！

了解平面设计

简单来说，平面设计就是一种用美术的方法描述一个企业或产品的过程。极具创意的设计可以为品牌的个性创造出更加丰富的层面。既然是用“美术”的方法，美术知识还是绕不过去的难点。一听说要学美术，没有个三五年的功力怎么能玩转？很多入不了门的小伙伴就在这一步被吓回去了。

漫漫几个世纪的美术史不必全部啃下来，只需要熟悉业革命之后才建立起来的设计史体系。三个重要的设计革命运动了解一下(工艺美术运动、新艺术运动、装饰艺术运动)重要的设计流派和理论知识记一下。对于理论和历史知识感兴趣的小伙伴们，一本理论教材推荐给大家，尹定邦老师的《设计学概论》这本书可能有些枯燥，但对于设计史的梳理方法还是有可取之处的。

对于美术有更高追求的小伙伴不妨在网上搜集“纪录片《西方艺术史》(全六集)（哔哩哔哩网站）”的公开课资源，长远来讲，这对提升审美很有帮助，了解西方艺术的脉络后看展逛艺术馆博物馆的也不会再一头雾水了。

同时根据所处行业/岗位不同，会涉及到以下内容，同时它们也是相互穿插交错着的，大家也不必太过纠结分类是否合理：

1.印刷类设计：需要学习一些印前技术知识，比如：名片、VIP卡、宣传单(也叫DM单)、海报等。

2.户外喷绘类设计：店招、灯箱、吊旗、海报、舞台背景等。

3.包装类设计：还需要学习产品包装材质、外形、尺寸、刀模等专业知识。

4.品牌类设计：企业VIS设计、logo设计、字体设计，这对矢量图形软件有非常掌握才能胜任。

5.web类设计：网页设计、U设计、淘宝店铺装修，通常还会学习到html+css3方面的行业知识。

设计的基础

学习平面设计最重要的就是基础，而下面三点就是我们必须掌握的基础，只有掌握好基础，在以后的学习中就会事半功倍。

素描基础

光影、结构、透视

美术知识并不只是单纯指“画画”，只要掌握基础的素描基础就可以，学画画可以教我们用美术的眼光来观察和分析客观世界，素描基础为之后独立设计提供的实用工具。学习素描能锻炼我们造型的能力，是积累视觉元素的一种方式，平面设计则是通过构图、造型、配色来表现设计与创意。因此，学好素描，在设计时能迅速的表现自己的设计风格， 传递自己的设计信息与理念。

学习顺序

要动手画一画，经过一至两周的学习后，理解并画出类似的概念图。 绘画的能力是难以速成的，需要日积月累的练习。练习的方法可以从临摹基本的几何体开始慢慢增加难度到静物、组合静物、人物速写、肖像、半身像，按照这个顺序循序渐进。

素描学习方法

其实学习素描基础，比起看理论书不如找课跟着画跟着练学的快。《中国美术视频网》等美术教育网站有大量传统的素描学习资源；另外豆瓣上有一个关于自学素描的《小触手的书房》的小站，也有很多国内外的教学视频。

素描基础建议学习时间：可以学习一至两周。

三大构成

所谓"构成”是一种造型概念，其含义是将不同形态的几个以上的单元重新组构成一个新的单元。三大构成是平面设计的基础，必须掌握。

平面构成

平面构成主要在二度空间范围之内 ，以轮廓线划分图与地之间的界线，描绘形象。它所表现的立体空间并不是真实的三维空间，而仅仅是图形对人的视觉引导作用形成的幻觉空间。

色彩构成

色彩构成即色彩的相互作用，是从人对色彩的知觉和心理效果出发，用科学分析的方法，把复杂的色彩现象还原为基本要素，利用色彩在空间、量与质上的可变幻性，按照一定的规律去组合各构成之间的相互关系，再创造出新的色彩效果的过程。

立体构成

立体构成是使用各种材料将造型要素按照美的原则组成新立体的过程。立体构成的构成要素是点线、面、体、色彩和空间诸方面。它的形成仍然是形式美诸法则，如对比调和、对称均衡、比例节奏、韵律、多样、统一等，重要的是通过设计创造意境。

学习建议

建议学习时间：三大构成建议和素描基础一同学习，学习时间一到两周，关于三大构成的学习书籍，重磅推荐(日)朝仓直已的《艺术设计》系列，这套丛书共有《艺术●设计的立体构成》《艺术设计的平面构成》，《艺术●设计的色彩构成》，《艺术●设计的光构成》，《艺术.设计的纸的构成》5本。

版式知识

版式设计原理

关于版式设计，两本书推荐给大家，一本是(日)伊达千代的《版面设计的原理》，这本书有五章一、建立条例；二、添加变化；三、突出强调；四、设计技巧；五、颜色搭配。这本很适合作为入门的基础，其优点是本书的结构条理清晰，不足是书中的例子有些过时。

所以，搭配美国设计师John McWade的《超越平凡的平面设计》系列来看非常合适。《超越平凡的平面设计》本书先全面地讲解平面设计的基本知识，然后分享了实用的设计方法和技巧。它的出色之处在于它详细解读了许多完整的设计案例----包括宣传册、新闻简报、网页、幻灯片等。

建议学习时间

版式设计原理是比较重要的，特别是对于我们后面的设计来说，所以推荐可以用两周的时间进行学习。阶段建议：了解版式设计原则，比如什么是版心、什么是边距、两者之间的作用是什么等等。熟练掌握排版设计的常用版式，好的作品搭配适合的版式才能帮助我们展示出创意的最佳视觉效果。

自学的途径

对于平面设计的学习途径，无论你是从看书学理论出发，还是从软件的学习开始，只要你走在学习的路上那么最后一定会完成自己的梦想。

通过书籍自习

自学最好的途径之一就是通过自己阅读相关书籍，来掌握一定的设计基础，而掌握了设计基础才是最终设计之路长短的关键，下面推荐几本对于平面设计基础非常有帮助的几本书。

设计初级阶段

在设计刚刚开始的初级阶段，除了大量的练习，更应该多学习基础，下面推荐在自学阶段必须阅读的两本书籍，大家可以自行购买阅读，在阅读中最好用笔记本记录起来，方便之后的设计中可以运用。《配色设计原理》作者是日本奥博斯科编辑部，通过简明易懂的作品，学习实用又系统的配色原则。将具体的设计案例进行修改前后对比，然后分析如何使用配色，让作品更具有效果和表现力。

《写给大家看的设计书》出自一位世界级设计师罗宾威廉姆斯(Robin Williams)之手，将优秀设计的秘诀归纳为对比、重复、对齐和亲密性四条基本原则，并用简洁通俗、幽默生动的文笔，同时配大量前后对比的实例图解和设计练习（并提供解答），直观而清晰地传授给读者。

平面设计进阶

经过前期的学习，我们已经掌握了一定的平面设计的基础，那么我们可以学习优秀的案例，在这些案例中可以让自己的设计增添色彩，同时可以学习美术内容，例如插画、油画等，可以整加对于色彩的配色，对在平面设计实践里有很大的帮助。对绘画追求比较高，不满足于只画瓶瓶罐罐，想学画人物的小伙伴，可学习《伯里曼人体结构》，这本书是插画设计必刷宝典。

《版式设计原理●案例篇》是由四个设计师合著完成，本书从版式结构、文字要素、色彩、图片、网页版式五个章节，将很多设计法则中的成功案例和失败案例进行对比，引导读者思考什么才是更好的版式设计。当读者完成思考后在文章的下一页给出作者的观点，并指出对应的设计要点。这样让读者带着问题去思考，通过案例对比的方法快速而牢固地掌握版式设计的基本原理。

书籍自学建议

通过初阶和进价的学习，我们已经养成了阅读平面设计书籍的好习惯，那么在书籍阅读的过程中要保持随时做笔记的好习惯。养成定期买书充实自己的好习惯，做设计如果不看书持续学习，创意总是有枯竭的一天，看书可以保持灵感。

通过软件自学

视频课程的学习，通常是以软件操作，以及实战案例的学习作为切入点，这也算是学习平面设计，最快速入行的捷径吧。

photoshop

PS是设计软件最基础也是最重要的，作为平面设计师，只要你需要和位图打交道， Ps在设计工作流程中一定是占主导的作用。在初学PS时要力求把每个工具的使用以及图层、蒙版、通道三大核心知识掌握通透，以便往后学习高阶的PS实例教程能够知其所以然，学习PS要坚持对照教程每天练习，同时需要掌握快捷键的使用。

推荐PS入门教程(3套)

第①套：《PS大神通关教程》作者：祁连山，是免费的PS教程。若要学习，前往平面设计学习日记网，拉到底部点击即可学习。第②套：《敬伟ps教程》作者：敬伟。这部PS教程内容丰富，扫除知识盲点。第③套：《Photoshop CS6零基础入门教程》，作者：田婧。课时13个小时，教程涵盖图层、蒙版、通道三大基础，以及工具滤镜、动画、路径等命令的使用，能让初学者彻底掌握PS的操作技法。

illustrator/CorelDRAW

AI是做矢量图的最便捷常用的软件，除了AI外，在一些偏工业化的设计中，矢量软件CorelDRAW

也时常用到。

indesign

是一款简单快捷的排版软件，适用于书籍、画册、杂志、宣传单等需要规范排版的项目。

辅助类软件

Ae、Pr、FI和Lr都可以作为平面设计辅助软件。Ae是视频后期处理必不可少的软件，号称能动的Ps。对于UI和动效方向Ae也是必须掌握的实用软件。Pr是音视频剪辑最常用的软件之一。Flash是交互式矢图和Web动画的常用软件，可以和Dw配合做网站设计，也可以和矢量软件配合做动画动效等。Lightroom是一款非常专业的图形图像软件，在摄影时使用最多。比起PS，它可以加快对图片后期处理的速度。

软件自学建议

在学习这些基础软件的时候，一定要先了解这些软件框架，再此基础上对照课程的内容来多次练习，就可以很好的将这些软件应用，最重要的是要运用好快捷键，因为在后面的设计环节，这些快捷键的使用会让我们的设计时间事半功倍。

PS快捷键

学习设计经验

平面设计最重要的学习途径，就是看别人的经验/教程/分享自学平面设计，下面这些分类都是学习的途径。

公开课平台

网易公开课：中国美术学院素描课程

网易公开课：早期平面设计历史讲坛

网易公开课：什么是艺术设计?

网易公开课：平面设计基础，视觉设计的核心原则

中国大学MOOC(幕课)：最好的在线课程学习平台

Coursera：全世界最好的课程

优酷网：《啊!设计》，日本设计科教部片

设计文化课

BBC纪录片：《Design for Life Season》

TEDTalk的纪录片：《我的字体人生My life in typefaces》

哔哩哔哩视频：柳冠中教授系列视频

优酷视频：“中国创意”产品设计大赛全国院校巡回讲座第一站一华东理工

优酷视频：“中国创意”产品设计大赛全国院校巡回讲座第五场一上海理工大学

爱奇艺视频：让设计师们揪心的视频，据说好多设计师看哭了

平面设计教程

勤学网，职业技能高效学习平台： u.qinxue.com/z17921/774 (对我帮助甚大。)

敬伟PS教程： www.jingweips.cn (无微不至，讲解细致)

虎课网，我的设计自学神器： huke88.com/?.. (建议人手与个全站通终身VIP)

翼狐网，平面设计VIP专区： yihuu.com/ip/... (国内最早一批线上CG教育网)

46PS网： 46ps.com/

网络10大热门PS教程排行榜： http：//ps.xxriji.cn/

设计素材资源

平面广告设计模板：https：//ibaotu.com/guanggao/?spm=kd(直接拿来就用)设计师生不逢时，被临时委派任务，又赶时间时，通常只能直接套版成品，但又要避免侵权，所以这个网站必须收下。帮助你快速出图的设计利器：

千图网：https：//www.58pic.com/

千库网：https：//588ku.com/

我图网：https：//www.ooopic.com/intro/about/show/

非凡图库：https：//www.lvmeng.cn/

素材中国：http：//www.sccnn.com/map.html

图片类资源

优质的图片资源对于平面设计老师而言也非常的重要，下面这些是有大量优秀图片的网站。

花瓣鼻祖：https/huaban.com/pins/3444996216

昵图网：https：//www.nipic.com/

素材网：http：//www.sccnn.com/

摄图网：https：//699pic.com/

中国新闻网：https：//www.chinanews.com.cn/

汇图网：https：//www.huitu.com/

包图网：https：//ibaotu.com/

设计交流网站

平面设计也必须学习优秀的经验，好的经验会让设计少走弯路，下面这些网站都可以学习到设计师们分享的经验。

站酷：https：//www.zcool.com.cn/

思否：https：//segmentfault.com/

优设-UISDC：https：//www.uisdc.com/

京东设计中心：https：//jelly.jd.com/

设计癖：https：//www.shejipi.com/

腾讯CDC：https：//cdc.tencent.com/

UI中国：https：//www.ui.cn/list.html

学ui网：https：//www.xueui.cn/

中国设计在线：http：//www.ccdol.com/hangye/designer/

自学方法

对于通过这些进行自己学习，那么有以下方法推荐：

第一，多听优秀的设计课，特别是名校设计师的课，从不同的角度去看设计，会让自己的设计与众不同。第二，多掌握素材，在上面推荐的平台去了解最新的设计素材，只有掌握好设计的素材，才可以在这些基础上创作出更好的设计作品，多积累初材料，应用时会有才永远有灵感。第三，建立自己的素材库，好的素材永远都在不断更新，只有建立自己的素材库才会更好的创作。

最后学习建议

平面设计的学习需要日积月累，同学们在学习的过程中，需要多次练习，保持每天一练习，收集灵感、画草图是在平面设计生涯里需要每天练习的， 并且在练习中最重要的就是要练习软件，软件一定是要保持每天练习，熟悉快捷键会让完成设计作品，长期以往，我们一定会自学成才！创作出好作品！

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学平面设计，需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuegM6uowU44vERdIqXbg"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平面设计自学需要从简单的理论基础开始，学习基本的设计软件，掌握基本的设计技能那就是自学的最重要的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWSQS8uskgqMUshjoQtP2Uc"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面让我们一起来学习吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyC8QeIymYc06oTvprTShSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解平面设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyeuUM8a802ickVVzOIAyof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单来说，平面设计就是一种用美术的方法描述一个企业或产品的过程。极具创意的设计可以为品牌的个性创造出更加丰富的层面。既然是用“美术”的方法，美术知识还是绕不过去的难点。一听说要学美术，没有个三五年的功力怎么能玩转？很多入不了门的小伙伴就在这一步被吓回去了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniuGiMiAuEUAsC03rQK460b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":449,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解平面设计","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7515c51e749d45e3a494055a9fba1405","width":696},"text":"","id":"doxcnQOuG4uI2COAmEN4DclGvhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漫漫几个世纪的美术史不必全部啃下来，只需要熟悉业革命之后才建立起来的设计史体系。三个重要的设计革命运动了解一下(工艺美术运动、新艺术运动、装饰艺术运动)重要的设计流派和理论知识记一下。对于理论和历史知识感兴趣的小伙伴们，一本理论教材推荐给大家，尹定邦老师的《设计学概论》这本书可能有些枯燥，但对于设计史的梳理方法还是有可取之处的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm46yo8WogMkOc7rzX4Bs3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解平面设计","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0622e05de8744c81b6029442efdf5c51","width":355},"text":"","id":"doxcnogQQKMQA4QiMwP0uUltvqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于美术有更高追求的小伙伴不妨在网上搜集“纪录片《西方艺术史》(全六集)（哔哩哔哩网站）”的公开课资源，长远来讲，这对提升审美很有帮助，了解西方艺术的脉络后看展逛艺术馆博物馆的也不会再一头雾水了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mGeqy8MUyigaokPKxJR0b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解平面设计","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78528e400c40479faac406117751c52d","width":449},"text":"","id":"doxcnGGAyOCYkQUOK0LOHxLUSrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时根据所处行业/岗位不同，会涉及到以下内容，同时它们也是相互穿插交错着的，大家也不必太过纠结分类是否合理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6i64gS68a4KmeZ20TjT2SL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.印刷类设计：需要学习一些印前技术知识，比如：名片、VIP卡、宣传单(也叫DM单)、海报等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWAqWmWEoSC64BtUIS3KXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.户外喷绘类设计：店招、灯箱、吊旗、海报、舞台背景等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniisO2MyyoqWkEprMxTUIrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.包装类设计：还需要学习产品包装材质、外形、尺寸、刀模等专业知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOoOeciOq2kCuCDaS644Qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.品牌类设计：企业VIS设计、logo设计、字体设计，这对矢量图形软件有非常掌握才能胜任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygA8eKK2Y28QaoxHCEALgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.web类设计：网页设计、U设计、淘宝店铺装修，通常还会学习到","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"html","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"+css3方面的行业知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosaCuU0AcGMoN2FlFBnxgi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计的基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4KWWcw2OSiUqiq3HX8CAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习平面设计最重要的就是基础，而下面三点就是我们必须掌握的基础，只有掌握好基础，在以后的学习中就会事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKo0g6uoe0GIyUNcNIe2y2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn884E8cu08KCuCsPmFLh7Hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"光影、结构、透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSks4EYuq68KKY3fZdvt8Ef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术知识并不只是单纯指“画画”，只要掌握基础的素描基础就可以，学画画可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"教我们用美术的眼光来观察和分析客观世界，素描基础为之后独立设计提供的实用工具。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学习素描能锻炼我们造型的能力，是积累视觉元素的一种方式，平面设计则是通过构图、造型、配色来表现设计与创意。因此，学好素描，在设计时能迅速的表现自己的设计风格， 传递自己的设计信息与理念。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnioyKQIUouks4YflBQAaAuc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":509,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"光影、结构、透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6e149b75a58248c5b21b2115a58698d3","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcniMwSim2qimIg4trNegL4kh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习顺序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoMwsuKWmUo6cs3hO4lXhGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要动手画一画，经过一至两周的学习后，理解并画出类似的概念图。 绘画的能力是难以速成的，需要日积月累的练习。练习的方法可以从临摹基本的几何体开始慢慢增加难度到静物、组合静物、人物速写、肖像、半身像，按照这个顺序循序渐进。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6Uy6KYIEYg0CE6hTszDyh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":405,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习顺序","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/04c5119c334a4932b13d4a1647196d43","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnUCwuKymeWS2C21thdsjpih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描学习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWeacQuokuWCiGyZAB65Ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实学习素描基础，比起看理论书不如找课跟着画跟着练学的快。《中国美术视频网》等美术教育网站有大量传统的素描学习资源；另外豆瓣上有一个关于自学素描的《小触手的书房》的小站，也有很多国内外的教学视频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oa2kaoi4WeWhGmCqKewTY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":467,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"素描学习方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce0dfb54652f4ffe988b7eefd3b8e8bd","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnQYoaSgscws4QatbLsV14vY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"素描基础建议学习时间：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以学习一至两周。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneaiqeqeA6qiCCen51WqSRf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三大构成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qY0qmicQE8wCuvHN4BuPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓\"构成”是一种造型概念，其含义是将不同形态的几个以上的单元重新组构成一个新的单元。三大构成是平面设计的基础，必须掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0igyiGEMCAqMhc38Iq7zs"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平面构成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU4WEEkcwAsquENueVlQ3Cf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平面构成主要在二度空间范围之内 ，以轮廓线划分图与地之间的界线，描绘形象。它所表现的立体空间并不是真实的三维空间，而仅仅是图形对人的视觉引导作用形成的幻觉空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAwiSw0g4EkqWstsiTIkHm"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩构成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8me4gcqq6KsKm87sSZQJee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩构成即色彩的相互作用，是从人对色彩的知觉和心理效果出发，用科学分析的方法，把复杂的色彩现象还原为基本要素，利用色彩在空间、量与质上的可变幻性，按照一定的规律去组合各构成之间的相互关系，再创造出新的色彩效果的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwAKsgIwqiMG0cSgmHj21f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩构成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85116b4093174efda6f1937d7dc1e533","width":484},"text":"","id":"doxcngug8CU0mciKmWQh83WlSue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"立体构成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIegusICQuekY1pWa1mh5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"立体构成是使用各种材料将造型要素按照美的原则组成新立体的过程。立体构成的构成要素是点线、面、体、色彩和空间诸方面。它的形成仍然是形式美诸法则，如对比调和、对称均衡、比例节奏、韵律、多样、统一等，重要的是通过设计创造意境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2wwagAeoA8AuemF8CO23Xe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":384,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"立体构成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1c06913033c841ec8bdfcff094402bd8","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnoG4U0WqAMw2SIwAxNKeE7Y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习建议","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYG8GAOoqCkUSENu5SkfpDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议学习时间：三大构成建议和素描基础一同学习，学习时间一到两周，关于三大构成的学习书籍，重磅推荐(日)朝仓直已的《艺术设计》系列，这套丛书共有《艺术●设计的立体构成》《艺术设计的平面构成》，《艺术●设计的色彩构成》，《艺术●设计的光构成》，《艺术.设计的纸的构成》5本。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QCIkoWUSYim6fiHgHEfMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":397,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习建议","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adeed8ac5f2044ebb04fef27a8de302b","width":345},"text":"","id":"doxcniAGWMymIyIeMwbaGMMMADc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"版式知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOo4Iq0gWeIgEWUj3xChdYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"版式设计原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0qsa2Ii20Wc6ky568Gawn4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于版式设计，两本书推荐给大家，一本是(日)伊达千代的《版面设计的原理》，这本书有五章一、建立条例；二、添加变化；三、突出强调；四、设计技巧；五、颜色搭配。这本很适合作为入门的基础，其优点是本书的结构条理清晰，不足是书中的例子有些过时。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyiGw6mA8CSwIclbWI5OABe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":523,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"版式设计原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bbf4aafa450845f7bca6af3adb4f026b","width":387},"text":"","id":"doxcnSUkscuU2a02IkJVu7xL9Zf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，搭配美国设计师John McWade的《超越平凡的平面设计》系列来看非常合适。《超越平凡的平面设计》本书先全面地讲解平面设计的基本知识，然后分享了实用的设计方法和技巧。它的出色之处在于它详细解读了许多完整的设计案例----包括宣传册、新闻简报、网页、幻灯片等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmSKM6wmAg4K2DVLWuMhzd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"版式设计原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/20710bed44c741d88c99bbb59c593589","width":366},"text":"","id":"doxcn4E8aYYsMSGQieYOZ0NwHGd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议学习时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI6s0KWcyYAWMoVcdXkTISh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"版式设计原理是比较重要的，特别是对于我们后面的设计来说，所以推荐可以用两周的时间进行学习。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"阶段建议：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"了解版式设计原则，比如什么是版心、什么是边距、两者之间的作用是什么等等。熟练掌握排版设计的常用版式，好的作品搭配适合的版式才能帮助我们展示出创意的最佳视觉效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAuW4C42o8sUsd9HyaRkKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学的途径","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUWICqOIIgcS6jqIWybe3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于平面设计的学习途径，无论你是从看书学理论出发，还是从软件的学习开始，只要你走在学习的路上那么最后一定会完成自己的梦想。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGwAAIeyi8AscS4yKDkDtb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过书籍自习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwUUIaQks8yCwYFceTMrvjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学最好的途径之一就是通过自己阅读相关书籍，来掌握一定的设计基础，而掌握了设计基础才是最终设计之路长短的关键，下面推荐几本对于平面设计基础非常有帮助的几本书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKMqyWKsImSUcj2g8DQENc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计初级阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4WAm8Oko4mm0WMf5JITLjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在设计刚刚开始的初级阶段，除了大量的练习，更应该多学习基础，下面推荐在自学阶段必须阅读的两本书籍，大家可以自行购买阅读，在阅读中最好用笔记本记录起来，方便之后的设计中可以运用。《配色设计原理》作者是日本奥博斯科编辑部，通过简明易懂的作品，学习实用又系统的配色原则。将具体的设计案例进行修改前后对比，然后分析如何使用配色，让作品更具有效果和表现力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaowqIgAiA0sqS4tOKQdTfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1034,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计初级阶段","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/94b142410f1646349b48f301337e2683","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnMAMOM2gkyQSuI5m9zy0b2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《写给大家看的设计书》出自一位世界级设计师罗宾威廉姆斯(Robin Williams)之手，将优秀设计的秘诀归纳为对比、重复、对齐和亲密性四条基本原则，并用简洁通俗、幽默生动的文笔，同时配大量前后对比的实例图解和设计练习（并提供解答），直观而清晰地传授给读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaOsOKSAW6ci8DtwgWI27f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1040,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计初级阶段","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/087ebff6ebad48beba78032452b5e5d5","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnkOcKWM8Mi8qyiuxw2XbO02"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平面设计进阶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEg2GwmgAoS884mY71gjwRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经过前期的学习，我们已经掌握了一定的平面设计的基础，那么我们可以学习优秀的案例，在这些案例中可以让自己的设计增添色彩，同时可以学习美术内容，例如插画、油画等，可以整加对于色彩的配色，对在平面设计实践里有很大的帮助。对绘画追求比较高，不满足于只画瓶瓶罐罐，想学画人物的小伙伴，可学习《伯里曼人体结构》，这本书是插画设计必刷宝典。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2IkEaqSWMwygiGKbHyGodh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"平面设计进阶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/10c04f03f8d745bea1299ed5b1213685","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn2AYe4S2KGMQIgqvVF2W8rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《版式设计原理●案例篇》是由四个设计师合著完成，本书从版式结构、文字要素、色彩、图片、网页版式五个章节，将很多设计法则中的成功案例和失败案例进行对比，引导读者思考什么才是更好的版式设计。当读者完成思考后在文章的下一页给出作者的观点，并指出对应的设计要点。这样让读者带着问题去思考，通过案例对比的方法快速而牢固地掌握版式设计的基本原理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn82GsEKcy8IkQsiH03lKfob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"平面设计进阶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9597de02bc704068812e38b388d2e13a","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnMCEK2ICoq6uqUHTjz4dDP1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍自学建议","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqwgCCI6uwsGMKGN4D5Itgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过初阶和进价的学习，我们已经养成了阅读平面设计书籍的好习惯，那么在书籍阅读的过程中要保持随时做笔记的好习惯。养成定期买书充实自己的好习惯，做设计如果不看书持续学习，创意总是有枯竭的一天，看书可以保持灵感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEK2q0y6yoQOGfuLAPdwjGA"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过软件自学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6ooMmgK2KUcXUhsobWUtL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程的学习，通常是以软件操作，以及实战案例的学习作为切入点，这也算是学习平面设计，最快速入行的捷径吧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgcCUIcOAusAsJVfpFyZKe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":244,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过软件自学","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/988dbbc4fa8f4dadb12dc105c3682fd9","width":553},"text":"","id":"doxcn0QyKai4KYSaouomU381VLb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"photoshop","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gIwSCeWckKwm2icicmW1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PS是设计软件最基础也是最重要的，作为平面设计师，只要你需要和位图打交道， 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CS6零基础入门教程》，作者：田婧。课时13个小时，教程涵盖图层、蒙版、通道三大基础，以及工具滤镜、动画、路径等命令的使用，能让初学者彻底掌握PS的操作技法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6KCsWAAaSys4W2qZXDDRHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"illustrator/CorelDRAW","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWO2CkQomowcysNyzqLnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AI","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是做矢量图的最便捷常用的软件，除了AI外，在一些偏工业化的设计中，矢量软件CorelDRAW","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAOIgMKYkMaCstZJztVbfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也时常用到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyE0wUsUiyka0uCrtLemuqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":512,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"illustrator/CorelDRAW","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/56bcc1b74c4043fba3c4dade564846c0","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnGSUkSEcSGmQswBSDkX1e3e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"indesign","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnckOEsue0GggMEHmxcOZ4Eb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是一款简单快捷的排版软件，适用于书籍、画册、杂志、宣传单等需要规范排版的项目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYQeqKssYU0EOGCfsZXWeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅助类软件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMe64kOCqQ0SCuGzFPWgZne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ae、Pr、FI和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Lr","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"都可以作为平面设计辅助软件。Ae是视频后期处理必不可少的软件，号称能动的Ps。对于","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"UI","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"和动效方向Ae也是必须掌握的实用软件。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Pr","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是音视频剪辑最常用的软件之一。Flash是交互式矢图和Web动画的常用软件，可以和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Dw","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"配合做网站设计，也可以和矢量软件配合做动画动效等。Lightroom是一款非常专业的图形图像软件，在摄影时使用最多。比起PS，它可以加快对图片后期处理的速度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM8scYIci4OGY6B9qMdUzNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅助类软件","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f12d9eb4b4048bc96f5d91ff9262eef","width":680},"text":"","id":"doxcn0o44CKAYimOS89tAhxw95f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件自学建议","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM2aKCsG0AUo4KqdAo6dsCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在学习这些基础软件的时候，一定要先了解这些软件框架，再此基础上对照课程的内容来多次练习，就可以很好的将这些软件应用，最重要的是要运用好快捷键，因为在后面的设计环节，这些快捷键的使用会让我们的设计时间事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIw0USMaS0AcSuqNLRE4v9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"PS快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCQi2icCyOsGcwbRQJgKecf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件自学建议","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c4528c4d22a4e44b880c129ec3b2e4a","width":1178},"text":"","id":"doxcnAQeEkckY4IsOcNa0ycUTqb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习设计经验","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgyIwyOKQ2uQu6yM0n5ZTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平面设计最重要的学习途径，就是看别人的经验/教程/分享自学平面设计，下面这些分类都是学习的途径。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGkqmgQk42awYqGkwpUfkEc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"公开课平台","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYyEQSa62EmAcKqXLIPWN0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"网易公开课：中国美术学院素描课程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAukEsk2iwYcSQUsev6u6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"网易公开课：早期平面设计历史讲坛","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqA4EWYOMyoqsFpzeGbg4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"网易公开课：什么是艺术设计?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2cYQMc4qaqi8fgT4zB8Mc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"网易公开课：平面设计基础，视觉设计的核心原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiEWwycyc0Uk8pUtUQzkBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中国大学MOOC(幕课)：最好的在线课程学习平台","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeEygcOquYwCeevERMqHYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Coursera：全世界最好的课程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQGKqM8y4GW8ANrCBy18Yf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优酷网：《啊!设计》，日本设计科教部片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Kc6EaIIemy2eqVApMIotg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计文化课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiCmKUMSiK6ms1igtyb5cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"BBC纪录片：《Design 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并且在练习中最重要的就是要练习软件，软件一定是要保持每天练习，熟悉快捷键会让完成设计作品，长期以往，我们一定会自学成才！创作出好作品！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GWSYusYOygOo3DaEnQW3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUUI4Wy28kUAKOXZ9HgpBg"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E