行草书笔法(草书笔法十三式视频)

1. 草书笔法十三式视频

行书，是一种书法统称，分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展，是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体，是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。"行"是"行走"的意思，因此它不像草书那样潦草，也不像楷书那样端正。

行书特点

行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体，自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。

行笔增速

行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上，不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折，还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快，造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。

笔画线条多变

楷如立，行如走，行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔，笔画之间增加呼应等，下面仅从四个方便加以说明：

附笔连接

所谓附笔，就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画（比较细、比较虚）。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时，出现附钩；与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑；长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩，看上去与“钩”没有什么不同，实际上是撇画的附钩。如图：

这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显，使笔画脉络相通，活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意，这些附钩、附挑的出现，是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹，不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。

以圆代方

行书的转折笔画，方笔明显减少，而以圆代替方折，这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔，圆转而过，使笔画圆润自然。如图：

变直为弧

楷书要求横平竖直，而行书的横竖由于行笔增快，为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系，长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图：

但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形，如中竖就要挺直，即便是稍带有弧形的笔画，也要有一定的力度，柔中见刚。

以简代繁

楷书的笔画各自独立，其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范，一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时，为了书写简便，往往将相邻的笔画连写，合并线条，或对楷书的某些部位做了简化，减少起、收笔的次数。

楷书的钩画，在书写行书时，多省略了起钩。如图：

行书的基本笔画点画，可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图：

行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔，减少了笔画数，使书写更加方便。如图：

笔顺变化

行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则，但为了连写便捷，一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形，有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。如图（楷书6笔，行书3笔）：

体势变化

由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化，其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况：

1、一个字有多种写法

如“是”字下半部分，“花”字的字头，写得有放有缩，同中有异，多样而统一，颇有趣味。如图：

2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚，略带攲斜，自成新的体势

如横画可以较大幅度上斜，笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势，使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了，避免了楷书的呆板。如图：

行书运笔技巧

笔画运行

硬笔行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。

所谓起笔，就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左为起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，等等。起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。例如：

提笔、按笔

硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。如图：

翻笔、折笔

翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折，都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而有力。如图：

侧笔

侧笔主要取字的姿态，笔画的下笔处比较方折，显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横，“永、广”等字的侧点，“志”字的中竖，“个”字的斜撇等，都是侧笔写成的。如图：

涩笔

涩笔，书写时故意放慢行笔速度，认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感，多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图：

游笔

游笔似行云流水，用笔流畅、便捷，多用于钩画字的轮廓，以增加线条的流动。如图：

掠笔

掠笔也叫牵丝，书写时将笔轻提，一带而过。掠笔的作用是牵引笔画，加强上一笔画与下一笔画之间的联系。但要注意，掠笔使用要自然，不能笔笔都用牵丝或人为地去描摹。如图：

叠笔

叠笔，就是在原来的行笔路线上重返进行。这种方法，可以使局部笔画变得丰润。需要注意的是重叠的距离不能过长。如图：

行书笔画

基本笔画

笔画是构成字的基本要素，练习基本笔画是书写汉字的基本功训练。行书笔画是在楷书笔画的基础上增加速度和流动感，有时可直接使用楷法，有时增加牵丝，钩挑或弧形笔画。

点

1、带勾点是由点带出勾挑，如“不”字，目的是牵引下一字。写法是先顺势写长点，用笔要由轻而重、由左而右，勾时再用力顿一下，然后迅速向左下勾出。带勾点要有一定的弯势，不能生硬僵直；线条要遭劲流利，不能软弱迟疑。

2、带下点是指上下两点一笔带下，如“淤”（于）字。写法是落笔写上点，用力顿一下，再提笔写下点，最后再用力顿一下，迅速勾出。上点略侧，下点稍平，上下点之间，用一细细的牵丝相连。使上下连贯、粗细分明，有形态、有动势。

3、带右点是由左点带出右点，如“以”字。写法是用笔轻落重按先写左点，然后提笔写右点，略顿一下用力向右上趯出，趯勾要短小。写带右点时左点要大右点要小，如两点差不多大，就缺少变化。

4、合二点是指左右两点相呼相应，如“六”字。写法是轻落重按写左点，然后用力向右上勾出，再顺着勾势写右点，最后用力向左下撇出。合二点虽然中间没有牵丝相连，但要一气呵成，左点与右点之间应左高右低，遥相呼应。

横

1、下勾横是指横画下面带勾，如“然”字。“然”字下面本来是四点，现改写为一横画，是采用了草书写法。写法是落笔略顿，再向右写横，至末端用力折笔向左下勾出。

2、上挑横是指横画上面带挑，如“古”字。写法是在写好一横后，再用力一顿翻笔上挑而出．上挑横与下勾横不同处是末端收笔的方向不一样，前者上挑，后者下勾；上挑是为了顺势写上画，下勾是为了开启下笔。

竖

1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬，如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬，不能东斜西倒。

2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂，如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下写竖画，至末端再略顿一下，回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻，两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快，竖中带挺呈曲势，如人挺立，显得精神饱满。

3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾，如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后，末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势，并非一味地端直。

4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾，如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画，至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右，后者曲勾向下、由右而左；前者是承上笔，后者是启下画。

撇

1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上，如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重，随着向左下写撇，至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔，并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。

2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上，如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同，只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说，回锋撇往往是撇后写竖，笔势角度小，挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺，笔势角度大。

3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法，撇端尖尖的，如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重，然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出，撇时要轻灵不要迟疑，而且力要送到撇尖。

4、平撇平撇在字头，短小而平，如“重”字。写法是落笔重，略顿，随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄，短小尖锐。

捺

1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长，如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配，如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔，略横行，接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力，随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折，故又称“波画”。

2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋，如“天”字。写法与斜捺同，只是最后回锋收笔，露出下尖勾，目的是为了书写下一字。

3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来，如“木”字。写法是轻落笔，触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔，然后用力向左下勾出。

4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点，接着顺势写一竖，再提笔向右拐弯，然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点，一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬，二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。

5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用，因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之，如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔，略横，随着向右下用笔，然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样，形态是一波三折，有一种流动的势态。

6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑，如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后，捺脚不平出，而是顺势上挑成勾状，目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法，不可勉强为之。

挑

1、短挑是挑画的一种，线条短小，如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出，短小精锐，恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿，随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。

2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写，如“福”字。写法是先写一撇，然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出，撇折挑要注意折处，书写时点画务必交待清楚，不能含含糊糊，拖泥带水。

勾

1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪，如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画，然后转笔向左行笔，再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法，形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。

2、戈勾即戈字勾，如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔，然后纵笔而下，勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲，刚中含柔见纵势。

3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出，如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画，拐弯时折笔而下，然后宛转提笔写下弯画，再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角，勾尖要向内，对着字心首画。

4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名，如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重，接着用笔向下写直画，随即提笔拐弯写横，最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂，鹅身平正，方正中呈圆势，态度雍容大方，气宇轩昂不几。

5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样，回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式，如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折，然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外，是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利，向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。

折

1、横勾折是指横画加折勾，如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画，折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明，而且转折要自然有力。

2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾，如“问”字。写法是先写竖画，要心胸挺起，折时不妨笔略提起，再顿下去，然后迅速向左上勾出。

3、曲折在行书中用得很多，凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折，如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画，接着向右折笔，再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电，富于动态。

4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写，但书写较工整，如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重，再逐渐提笔写撇，然后回锋向右下方写反捺，即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写，要有折的风味。

5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯，如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横，再折笔写弯，接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲，弯曲自然舒展。

6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾，如“序”字。写法是写好横画后，接着翻笔写撇，撇要成内包势，随即趁势向右上勾出。

7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法，如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖，随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽，用笔要流畅明净。

行书偏旁

行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化，不能千篇一律。此外，部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法，或者借助于楷书用意连，或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝，又要靠笔势，过多地使用牵丝，如果形连势不能连，整个字仍是盘散沙。

食字旁

侧锋落笔写撇，随即回锋写横勾折，接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称，是一笔写成。

衣字旁

首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔，撇点用撇提代替，改变示字旁的书写顺序。

弓字旁

先落笔写横折，再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成，不能用两笔或三笔写成。

虫字旁

落笔写短斜竖，再顺势写横竖折，接着回锋写下横，然后翻笔向上写竖折挑，为了便于书写，行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。

马字旁

落笔写出折勾，再回笔写竖横折勾，最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画，以便书写右面点画。

页字旁

页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长，抗肩，中间用小撇画，不要太长，撇画的起笔位置稍靠左，第二个撇画的弯度较大一些，但不要写的太长，最后撇画带出小钩，呼应最后一点。

舌字旁

首先平撇要短，角度稍平，竖写短，横可稍长，但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。

田字旁

田字旁也是写小，且整体稍向右上斜。

行书章法

行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体，是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性，形态又多变化，丰富奇彩、意到笔随，可塑性大，利于发挥艺术效果，实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作，通篇结构，引领管带，首尾呼应，一气呵成，各尽意志，气适流动，起伏随势，巧布虚陈，寄情寓意，无不淋漓尽致，酣畅爽快，令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。

章法特点

行书由于笔画、结构变化较大，形体各异，加之书写风格不同，因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态，有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别，使行书作品千姿百态，异彩纷呈，构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此，行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多，具有如下特点：

笔势多取纵势

由于行书笔画活泼流动，笔画之间有牵纵行带，前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切，如取纵势，更显得如行云流水，气韵贯通，给人以一气呵成之势。

疏密变化自如

行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外，在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰，能自由地调整疏密位置与布白，达到疏密得当，布白奇妙的效果。

参差错落有致

行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外，而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化，这样，整体布局显得活泼灵动，妙趣横生。

行气直抒胸臆

由于行书书写速度较快，行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融，最能直接表达书者的情感，增加作品的感染力。

谋篇技巧

以动为主

楷书的章法以静为主要特征，给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉；行书章法则以动为主要特征，给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。

前人出书法要“师造化”，凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态，都可借鉴到行、草书中去，以增强行书作品的动感，丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品，也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书，这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。

虽然行书强调动感，但并不是随意为之、不要法度，它仍要遵循一定的规律，以严谨求灵变，避免过于放纵。

以不齐求齐

楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称，排列整齐，以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小，间隔有疏密排列，有错落变化，以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整，以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品，初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐，行与行之间的距离也相等，一气呵成，浑然一体，气韵生动，但细看起来，我们不难发现，字与字并不对齐，有的偏左，有的偏右，左右动荡不写，行与行之间的距离也不相等，有的紧，有的松，没有定则，即所谓的“行书无写法”，需要我们多实践、多体会。

具有节奏变化

一幅好的行书作品，就象一首抒情的歌曲，时而婉转平和，时而高亢豪迈，时而如行云流水，时而如电闪雷鸣，几经曲折，波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄，这种渲泻是有节奏的，体现了行书作品的节奏美。

前后呼应

行书作品最注重首字，应静心写好文稿第一字，以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化，一定要注意前后呼应关系，要意在笔先，事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。

书写姿势

坐姿

正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看，还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥，有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养，只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。

1、头部端正：头要居中，稍向前下方俯视，眼睛与纸面一尺距离，不可俯得太低，也不可左偏、右斜。

2、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中间大部，不能扭向一边，两肩平齐，上身不弯曲，使上身重心安稳。

3、臂开胸舒：两臂自然开张，两肘平放桌面，保持一线，腹背挺直，胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离，使呼吸顺畅。

4、腿开足安：两腿分开，与肩同宽，自然下垂，内侧保持平行，两脚平放地上，使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势，才能使字写得端正，重心平衡。同时，正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。

握姿

执笔方法不正确，不但妨碍书写姿势，影响书写质量，还会给书写者身心健康带来危害，不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点，硬笔是三指执笔法，斜拿。

正确的执笔方法：

①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆（三指处于同一平面）；

②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm（两指左右）；

③所有指关节都向外弯；

④笔杆位于食指的根部（如下图）。

同时，还要做到：

①指实：拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量，处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上，将笔杆夹牢，松紧适度。

②掌虚：无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢，并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座，虚贴桌面。

③杆斜：笔杆向右后方倾斜，紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向，与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字，手指向前伸直，笔杆与纸面角度减小；书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩，笔杆与纸面角度大，宜于精離细琢。

工具

选笔

钢笔

钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔，日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776，百乐78G，写乐21K等。

关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：

（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；

（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；

（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。

中性笔

中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。

推荐适合练字的中性笔

1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168，这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面，都属于第一梯队的，一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。

2、百乐P700和P500，其实就是0.7和0.5，笔感超级顺滑，而且出水不多不少，非常好写，这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来，但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7，0.5的可以日常用。

中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：

（1）书写流度，笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；

（2）握笔舒适度，长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；

（3）墨干燥速度，书写时不会被谱黑就行。

其他笔

除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。

纸张

练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。

重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。

另外，有以下几个点可以注意：

（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。

（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。

（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。

字帖

如果基础比较差，或者追求没那么高，可以从现代字帖练，比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础，那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖，初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度，再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手，然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖，要下大功夫临摹，专注一本，长期熏修，悟到行书精髓，然后可以遍临诸家。

推荐字帖

1、田英章的字帖

田英章的硬笔字，刚中带柔，舒展洒脱。

以下是田英章老师的一些作品：

2、李放鸣字帖

李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美，被许多学校作为指定书法教材，在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖，

以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品：

3、司马彦行书

司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习，临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家，他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。

书写注意的问题

钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。

钢笔行书函文的书写形式，也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式，与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多，方格纸用得较少。

钢笔行书的落款，款文要用本体或行草书写，款文字形要小于正文，钤印的印章宁少勿多，1-2方足矣。印章的大小，应等于或略大于款文，但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应，起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。

(一)要以楷书为基础，在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化，但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此，学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。

(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书，但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法，就要通过临摹去掌握，而不能随心所欲。

(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点，在书写中适当运用能给字增色，但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点，就会走向反面。如，笔笔相连，就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。

(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法，熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法，就能了解行书的造形规律，收到举一反三之效。

坚持练字

当我们学习一项新技能，坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事，也是最难做到的事，练字也是这样。

想要坚持就得有大的决心，然后培养出习惯，并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中，能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。

所以，不妨列一个计划，树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变，需要做量的积累。例如，我要临写琴赋，我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍，我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练，一个月，成果还是能激励到自己的。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书，是一种书法统称，分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展，是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体，是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。\"行\"是\"行走\"的意思，因此它不像草书那样潦草，也不像楷书那样端正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooE6s02q6YwaIX4hu9uoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmOEs00igwWECGZNmciYhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体，自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkAmU6qiK4i8Qv6BxHNrRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔增速","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6GEi4esci8uQI1iR5Lh6N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上，不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折，还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快，造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4A2qasEiuWUYkZ1dqB2YKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画线条多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAC0IEe8smUMWUNkE65pqFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷如立，行如走，行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔，笔画之间增加呼应等，下面仅从四个方便加以说明：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmo2EUA2QyQYQOpRuAKjWVN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO8U08cWWeECqYPIfYOYFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓附笔，就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画（比较细、比较虚）。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时，出现附钩；与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑；长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩，看上去与“钩”没有什么不同，实际上是撇画的附钩。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40Ayk4sOochdaUkUaDoRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca8f277af0b489aac734555f6636835","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcne4MYO0e0MSEOaqWW5DscEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显，使笔画脉络相通，活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意，这些附钩、附挑的出现，是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹，不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQosAsCSGaCgIWgLBtZK6cf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke0eqiaMQIEkckKTrA1cjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的转折笔画，方笔明显减少，而以圆代替方折，这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔，圆转而过，使笔画圆润自然。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIigaa6YeQ0cqQPyA7Bwrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa22bfea6aca41b7a9421e6071527ebe","width":595},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw6iMMO06ssymyB1twoYmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00YcUQm8uSGQuGKq3NljJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求横平竖直，而行书的横竖由于行笔增快，为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系，长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKskOi0sY4KGakHWIsQk3z"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15c909205ef94238b967205ddc025d52","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqo4eSEKUUwSwTXTYrUHic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形，如中竖就要挺直，即便是稍带有弧形的笔画，也要有一定的力度，柔中见刚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYi0UGKweOYA4KkT58rn5T2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiaEmcsGagIm4OSsc9z8bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的笔画各自独立，其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范，一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时，为了书写简便，往往将相邻的笔画连写，合并线条，或对楷书的某些部位做了简化，减少起、收笔的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQQsMgoM2A402yVHiHyPUv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的钩画，在书写行书时，多省略了起钩。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eyqgoGoem08SsWngD7f3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":98,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b354150271a34825903868d3d515d728","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6KygmS0QoOUwjHQ8geBXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画点画，可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYOkwSwUuW4YMRE6knAXNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f6f6b0635a4c848a1d6491f4eeb70a","width":610},"text":"","id":"doxcnaoEGQ0IMI62yuwFnncnP1u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔，减少了笔画数，使书写更加方便。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8CEO06kGaGiWK2FYjnhIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":131,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa6fa9722874a839bae5d58753edc10","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOuGiIi2ySsEamQ4uXeCXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWYccUaQYoYwYVjno6mVFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则，但为了连写便捷，一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形，有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（楷书6笔，行书3笔）：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYCYuqeCYaI683GEkwio1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":101,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b163d5ef32144a4388b912e4dcc2c57e","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnYQsY0AQiQM60SIwbqdCQZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8ekquqcSwW6gc1HfDZZy7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化，其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcayiScyO4ksEpwQUWCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一个字有多种写法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE0GGqO0UeUiIHM8D5oDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“是”字下半部分，“花”字的字头，写得有放有缩，同中有异，多样而统一，颇有趣味。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIYGeI42OG8QGOOxMNGnTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37c1e6c1bcdb490580c87e506e958ee2","width":483},"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEiqUKeqUyo8LDxLzsHJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚，略带攲斜，自成新的体势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuEeAGmUas0eW6kEGNm5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如横画可以较大幅度上斜，笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势，使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了，避免了楷书的呆板。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqUEEeswYSKAARJKgVX2Ff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5d537a662744315aca01acc06fbc9a9","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6GK8OwqqoCqkpbuAXc8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书运笔技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn286meS28OAIS2SImTeo2kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66mcsMAg8ME2uClYQvkzCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiwWqqI0W6K0ceOnst56d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓起笔，就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左为起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，等等。起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。例如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAEsqoQ4iqSyIt9czBdsYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":117,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26620f385ccb48549b0d42af46ee8148","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnu0I8C6QSkQu6wC8uxXsIXY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKMO0aw0YYycCmpOuXS0uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUQUQyqSI20yqa7sL7G9oS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/771a46a498b94d1dbfce1dafd2b27352","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnekasEsoeoe4mu0Nonrjcle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwSKqK2EUKaIOcl4UC3Ewf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折，都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而有力。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6isAmOi4mGTUsHEOHMyl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376c3e54379a4f8da1fdcdac2c9ec6d1","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcn8mko4OE4Isik4sE9kDYhOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUSKSkE6ecGYOyGakZ6Ece"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔主要取字的姿态，笔画的下笔处比较方折，显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横，“永、广”等字的侧点，“志”字的中竖，“个”字的斜撇等，都是侧笔写成的。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickAgMqO4cSeqQWjFp2fOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34052b9680c943679ca2b04e24444a41","width":615},"text":"","id":"doxcniOQqoe8GSea4KwF9bGE8oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkieauKK2cIEyGYClkTTTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔，书写时故意放慢行笔速度，认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感，多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmuAC2coEcoyaMtuxgMHeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a19fb0a98520486a9af24133ca5290f8","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcngyyMMII2u0YoQH0KHwRW9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncg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"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬，如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬，不能东斜西倒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGEuSO0UIEKwERGIXzMqXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f97144af17c4cc3852ee12797785bea","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnSAy0YIQgoW8QkZfG88gPdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂，如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下写竖画，至末端再略顿一下，回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻，两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快，竖中带挺呈曲势，如人挺立，显得精神饱满。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMqY8OiweUaEwfryAYZwlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7233748a264451aae64cb85136d77f9","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcns6ooS2yy0UywOQZTPz5ypd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾，如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后，末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势，并非一味地端直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWocOQWKQ6E8C23aBQquN0e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/422582d36dca4f7fb6a6ec0c247ac8be","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcniCkCySYaogCMy8CgtzOdad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾，如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画，至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右，后者曲勾向下、由右而左；前者是承上笔，后者是启下画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaSKUuKC2KqK617H2GW7Pb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f716018b4ea41b397b1aaf7e4f3680d","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnuse6KUEuUEUCcRJx1mLSfc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuQgYUGGYCWmu1xqsHOvdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上，如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重，随着向左下写撇，至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔，并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSKsUSWqMCAAEpqutNwPhg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/922652bcb9514c53aae97dfb45a65c02","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnUq28SS4m06OaSONR4T0JOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上，如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同，只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说，回锋撇往往是撇后写竖，笔势角度小，挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺，笔势角度大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM4cMOeC4E0qoVwwpW0EBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":57,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce86631cdd8147deb3cecc6e26230e05","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqy8UgkWqyGCUQT3Bah3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法，撇端尖尖的，如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重，然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出，撇时要轻灵不要迟疑，而且力要送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUkQgCIQmcASsrU1PSoWOg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5851891c7ee4faba695bb080697181f","width":98},"text":"","id":"doxcnqWGEuY4uQUcABH3xLQVtIm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、平撇平撇在字头，短小而平，如“重”字。写法是落笔重，略顿，随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄，短小尖锐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAI4mCuscQM4AZkOe8sg7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/399df9a1ed2b4cf5b69f693db394d742","width":102},"text":"","id":"doxcn4w2CiuQGqGIqSogyuvEIuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn20memQssyuI0stjz1MXDUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长，如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配，如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔，略横行，接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力，随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折，故又称“波画”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8wcu6CoSyWUuC7luiH6Ef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b41bf4bb4a04cb08ea51f452a2a3b19","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnY2cuQQ2MYwSSecUkPVdJtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋，如“天”字。写法与斜捺同，只是最后回锋收笔，露出下尖勾，目的是为了书写下一字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00Uo80MmSWQ8Yziod0jWig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a78f1707e64d4cc3ac5eef8944cd7182","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnkWSUUAcqKsAcMHBwADjOIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来，如“木”字。写法是轻落笔，触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔，然后用力向左下勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyoUMMs0KMq4IQTiqai28Xd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adb55180b44f46478a9116adde068b3f","width":101},"text":"","id":"doxcnA48ssUU6AQCWmyJoiZstcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点，接着顺势写一竖，再提笔向右拐弯，然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点，一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬，二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0i8ywawgaaaU53p6qQ18b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/605d4619a61e49c7961302bbc8590a49","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnEGQK8oGi28I62ym38KMdWq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用，因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之，如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔，略横，随着向右下用笔，然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样，形态是一波三折，有一种流动的势态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaGgmIScg4yMoL8sJt1IKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":56,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55e6d026f8794a02be4e6b743ef10d41","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnOgO002K2Eg8G4Vh3Vfwh2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑，如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后，捺脚不平出，而是顺势上挑成勾状，目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法，不可勉强为之。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOMgg68YwSouGkh1NHmCTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIM0wg6Y4aIyaSGfbCqCJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、短挑是挑画的一种，线条短小，如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出，短小精锐，恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿，随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWGcM8GI8Q6qoF49kXcPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":51,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/332ae9b91f744f70bd10f05bbca1e078","width":100},"text":"","id":"doxcnW0uyq6IyKmmSy6PkudqHff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写，如“福”字。写法是先写一撇，然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出，撇折挑要注意折处，书写时点画务必交待清楚，不能含含糊糊，拖泥带水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4g8sq2E6AkeOys9eLkHIke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b406da1174de4ec897df80e8768c9280","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnuWCEyKWOuC6s8PV6hhl0pf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOYcgSEq8EmS4QX8PE1UFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪，如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画，然后转笔向左行笔，再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法，形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGwW8uucc4okquXfu1Iz6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/676dc82fd79347f5b5f0cdb428819f38","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnmcqwMCuSomAU2VO2H56Uje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、戈勾即戈字勾，如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔，然后纵笔而下，勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲，刚中含柔见纵势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIAEeiQsAisScv2zhC19Wd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fc32e4ff05f40d79a11436de1d10958","width":109},"text":"","id":"doxcn2sWu6cSwoUQIagLJ0gXPHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出，如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画，拐弯时折笔而下，然后宛转提笔写下弯画，再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角，勾尖要向内，对着字心首画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneA6WGqWa08WcgtWYZlo7bc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82397aca8fb244599de39104582f9462","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcni48aw2ygGaueEXTgi0fPkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名，如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重，接着用笔向下写直画，随即提笔拐弯写横，最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂，鹅身平正，方正中呈圆势，态度雍容大方，气宇轩昂不几。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KCauImwe6AiSEiYsnwzYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b617d7719b44824b5806f49962dcee8","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnIgc2WYK2uWQ26BXelFJ3Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样，回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式，如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折，然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外，是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利，向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQs8iweaQK8e4EdPKOJQHdl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a57349ba2744aed87bf15a00625e300","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnyU04Y0i2acIuozMvyOzlSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQQ8s20aSK8ESahD9M899g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、横勾折是指横画加折勾，如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画，折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明，而且转折要自然有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWio8e02SYoAeQbaBlG2Hte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/128989d8259a40f4a691e2f9123a958e","width":112},"text":"","id":"doxcnwYkoSe6ayIw2cxjYtbxLrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾，如“问”字。写法是先写竖画，要心胸挺起，折时不妨笔略提起，再顿下去，然后迅速向左上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQm4Eao4aqKKw0lLitNFtb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"t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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskckguQUkAiOaOq0mEPaZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8aca3a771fc4a139c03aa0e90418c82","width":683},"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooCSyYuEuWmiJHQUlQjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weuAWyMEwOuaz7nBePYf7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔，撇点用撇提代替，改变示字旁的书写顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUi6ocKee4wEgxutajZ0ug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ba320b2860b4d5ea7f13cc526d07f4c","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnm044EWWyysAgKOz7kzuh0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoSaoCCQGSEouEqkI0Mt1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先落笔写横折，再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成，不能用两笔或三笔写成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYSu64sIuM8kEVA00RUYge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08c6744a04614a75a307d434eb2c4521","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6m6QgMOu046KVUu1wVyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuIAKskk2k6eWMBytYHUIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写短斜竖，再顺势写横竖折，接着回锋写下横，然后翻笔向上写竖折挑，为了便于书写，行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk6kqwCUqqEW2RwzZ4n3ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb9cebae85cf4f3daa0cfe4223b8ea03","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcnKQwUa42qiGgQ4XMINBjERg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqe6eOKia20mI1EpDYjbEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写出折勾，再回笔写竖横折勾，最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画，以便书写右面点画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWIkyqaUog64IXUTVzmjpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ffcec311ac4028b30e62c7250e5e0c","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcni42mMSs2E2AOuIVn5LBdR1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgAMQAkmUM8yMnjyyPcyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长，抗肩，中间用小撇画，不要太长，撇画的起笔位置稍靠左，第二个撇画的弯度较大一些，但不要写的太长，最后撇画带出小钩，呼应最后一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggWey8I8Qy2gp6EKTxTgrr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ef06ff99d4f4cfb8f5d18c1c3c6cb88","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2wGsEeCkE4WS28zkaZdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WCQaSSMQ6U40ePMyOCRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先平撇要短，角度稍平，竖写短，横可稍长，但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0QMekIIqY4MuoKDXqpNHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376a27e1eeb04fc48a3e0169b1c32a15","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnukqYqKcCWCqISWTs6rNoEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiy4wqSwuEEAg1BTDW8gvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁也是写小，且整体稍向右上斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQ6QCW62Acq0Ys0PILBIbS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":136,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24ec8a9db1b44db2816be55337f4d46b","width":614},"text":"","id":"doxcnU4AEwyO6UmKWnsuY5eX5Io"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k2USuqGSugoCmR2YmrWAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体，是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性，形态又多变化，丰富奇彩、意到笔随，可塑性大，利于发挥艺术效果，实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作，通篇结构，引领管带，首尾呼应，一气呵成，各尽意志，气适流动，起伏随势，巧布虚陈，寄情寓意，无不淋漓尽致，酣畅爽快，令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWYK8W6Ky0U4I7p3ZGyLpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscaOkQmK2ym2uuacwmDWBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书由于笔画、结构变化较大，形体各异，加之书写风格不同，因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态，有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别，使行书作品千姿百态，异彩纷呈，构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此，行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多，具有如下特点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAOUUCUEQ82MNIa8dy6Jqr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔势多取纵势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem6uwmIUgkUOCiIIHAVoEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书笔画活泼流动，笔画之间有牵纵行带，前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切，如取纵势，更显得如行云流水，气韵贯通，给人以一气呵成之势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqai8YcC4qkEcJZZYp0wbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疏密变化自如","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe4IuQwQKco6ioVhPww3Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外，在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰，能自由地调整疏密位置与布白，达到疏密得当，布白奇妙的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI8I8iWY4ggEETpYW4TWKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"参差错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyY6McsoGiCAI49eIbJf1Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外，而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化，这样，整体布局显得活泼灵动，妙趣横生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa262qAS4Y44kebdWNjlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行气直抒胸臆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEUW0aSwKqwioL7kGZZbih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书书写速度较快，行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融，最能直接表达书者的情感，增加作品的感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyKM0AU8QauAC89X8PETgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋篇技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8g2yw6YQisMUewcHsiCBnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以动为主","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGCG264aiCOa62eig4dIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的章法以静为主要特征，给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉；行书章法则以动为主要特征，给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusII6oWAIeaeGO2l13qZgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人出书法要“师造化”，凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态，都可借鉴到行、草书中去，以增强行书作品的动感，丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品，也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书，这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaqOeS0KomkCcB90z1cpjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然行书强调动感，但并不是随意为之、不要法度，它仍要遵循一定的规律，以严谨求灵变，避免过于放纵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaAAAGGqYCkB74bKmj5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以不齐求齐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYaAUqMyEqaoGolGrLFSLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称，排列整齐，以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小，间隔有疏密排列，有错落变化，以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整，以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品，初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐，行与行之间的距离也相等，一气呵成，浑然一体，气韵生动，但细看起来，我们不难发现，字与字并不对齐，有的偏左，有的偏右，左右动荡不写，行与行之间的距离也不相等，有的紧，有的松，没有定则，即所谓的“行书无写法”，需要我们多实践、多体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0m6K4mIWIQuSTyRdR0iNC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具有节奏变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mGoqc8CKiKuisjCYuI1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一幅好的行书作品，就象一首抒情的歌曲，时而婉转平和，时而高亢豪迈，时而如行云流水，时而如电闪雷鸣，几经曲折，波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄，这种渲泻是有节奏的，体现了行书作品的节奏美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oS4648y26OANLehr5Ayh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"前后呼应","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwCUi2miWAaOs9cTQCQNIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作品最注重首字，应静心写好文稿第一字，以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化，一定要注意前后呼应关系，要意在笔先，事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUEOuykEcou6ls65je4Ec"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIiu0qG4ISKEWEV29p0Lhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4wuicC8u4woolgT0iFfKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看，还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥，有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养，只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMSswUI2WKAol2w4DioiKY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68e50955c9bf49c79a2d33fa599f8967","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2uCmw0owUUY5OWH2KzUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、头部端正：头要居中，稍向前下方俯视，眼睛与纸面一尺距离，不可俯得太低，也不可左偏、右斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMQGGsCsMWSUpcK0JxSKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中间大部，不能扭向一边，两肩平齐，上身不弯曲，使上身重心安稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUiYWyqyCYMED5LIMvyBoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂开胸舒：两臂自然开张，两肘平放桌面，保持一线，腹背挺直，胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离，使呼吸顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0McKYqQOOsQU8lGajEQpze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿开足安：两腿分开，与肩同宽，自然下垂，内侧保持平行，两脚平放地上，使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势，才能使字写得端正，重心平衡。同时，正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwCCaoS8cUaUK4bwzdP1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484YCWuqYCgQKKJJq1SqBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法不正确，不但妨碍书写姿势，影响书写质量，还会给书写者身心健康带来危害，不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点，硬笔是三指执笔法，斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkciww0WuyUa4iC5JCK6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8A4cGIEUOYy0GW13CkCCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆（三指处于同一平面）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIywGmOiyoCcMgN2M7T7Nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm（两指左右）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2QIceAcSgKAWGKahaJm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指关节都向外弯；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuScKqwMEoSUcys1lP97bCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④笔杆位于食指的根部（如下图）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyke2coyo0M6eXj1qhSuNs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce7201cb08b47529021161e4b3de06b","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcne0eiCmM0cG4U6p3INPuCMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，还要做到：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamykg6AwCq2Ac9h72enUCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指实：拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量，处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上，将笔杆夹牢，松紧适度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweCWAUYiyGeg2TkOOdNbBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虚：无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢，并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座，虚贴桌面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA02SkuSikAEiSOc82XnAC8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③杆斜：笔杆向右后方倾斜，紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向，与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字，手指向前伸直，笔杆与纸面角度减小；书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩，笔杆与纸面角度大，宜于精離细琢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAes80guA0Gg9lxRjo0hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOk6mywusO2IOkN3g9fTK2c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOwM62Iy8uGU0alFfMMjUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaW8SwyIoEouaOmyhAUNVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔，日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776，百乐78G，写乐21K等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUmI4aIokKw6cbKMEuVWDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06GiYsWC4mq00ovgwEGzRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2UQEqWkuQuQCIEGKZsrbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ42AKQqyYg6I8hGOKSkeOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni404gSg2e6WyMPg2b2F9Bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efce42fa90fe484395d9143de95dc1bf","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcn4uY6IYu2ICIw3EuOMlrjFG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwuQmOGuS042gvVP3Id6ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OGuOsYGGC6iqaredoyuJY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐适合练字的中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOmKaemOqcccEVs5KJ77Gg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168，这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面，都属于第一梯队的，一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEukCgewS60EcX2tvmYDVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、百乐P700和P500，其实就是0.7和0.5，笔感超级顺滑，而且出水不多不少，非常好写，这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来，但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7，0.5的可以日常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUek84A6OCEgOCw5UNMUhJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkICQqo6Cm88u7WuiDWz7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）书写流度，笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKe4siIGgSEsaaELXNWpi1H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）握笔舒适度，长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqUMSieS8gsAqyBuq40XIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）墨干燥速度，书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyCssSI00Wq2cFm5hjXT7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f858d495e934607b39050eb30d2ed77","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8SCicMsOOis8J3zWX7Htb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQ2s0gw8CIyYquSaWHLhKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe2muKE6CeU2kfO5ezrUxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":220,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b423b0b4e1e43c6913f2e1b4ab63a7a","width":220},"text":"","id":"doxcn084Uwumk8C8U068kJ9qbIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGqquMwA8CQYG2DKdolh3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS60ocSugMSWegNnbUyHQ2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosQSwUYCgq66QJHLq094Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，有以下几个点可以注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSugi6IWWKMKSWd3Ibp7GtZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOOW42wEyY6EKcEt3OKSBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQoU4AWmY4YmWMBLwAw1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIMuwA4KiKQk95m4tnAMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1370f12a9b3b4d938074b49cdfa4ca62","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWu80g8O6mAQr6qkPMw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUASa6Y2KiSaSSutOmuSNyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果基础比较差，或者追求没那么高，可以从现代字帖练，比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础，那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖，初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度，再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手，然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖，要下大功夫临摹，专注一本，长期熏修，悟到行书精髓，然后可以遍临诸家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucQUMwau2sCUwfnACIbDgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiQqCcEE8OuoqYdd2ZXLWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、田英章的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yGccyK8U4Q8gPBSuvP2yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的硬笔字，刚中带柔，舒展洒脱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAcyecEwwsa4FbIfMmqEyr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是田英章老师的一些作品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqcEGE4mma06sMSHXIP0nb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57790c3f579340c6a3d920e542c5e081","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn84aA4kmYeGssOkRDzIifpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":523,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/665960b664004091947413f309229f9b","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOcsieq6aiK82VKH4M2P2f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、李放鸣字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美，被许多学校作为指定书法教材，在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneacYskAWwAsmUXP2ENjdhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMwS40qQc8kgUjRNRb08Fd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/076399aa06bd441c8d96060b3a5cc8c6","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnCia2usY2Cg4qAlPMs7VljU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3cafb01a8ad4dcf99af2fb29b35c803","width":521},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOAocWOqOMKW2dihMx5xMc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、司马彦行书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习，临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家，他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne82wyikkM6yoQTMT0J7cRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31d1eddee0c14259a78f64d44dd40234","width":388},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQAM8yuu6EI8OGQGVz4TSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneACOeq0e6qUQuKLKnhE4If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmOcoAicOWaomomHXoY14e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书函文的书写形式，也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式，与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多，方格纸用得较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2gwqOuYS8ysEDNep9PiJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的落款，款文要用本体或行草书写，款文字形要小于正文，钤印的印章宁少勿多，1-2方足矣。印章的大小，应等于或略大于款文，但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应，起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKU0A6ys0sK28ibu7GJzlib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)要以楷书为基础，在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化，但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此，学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIwyOWS6oSuiWaB3wrfzng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书，但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法，就要通过临摹去掌握，而不能随心所欲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQ4wQwkYomAcGiwp3anBtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点，在书写中适当运用能给字增色，但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点，就会走向反面。如，笔笔相连，就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80K8KKs2meo2ikpSz93xpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法，熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法，就能了解行书的造形规律，收到举一反三之效。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUcKcQgYEieUiE5yGslaKf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f87da4b8482e41228ccdfe6e92fcdc64","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCoUKUikmkMIwEKlo0aKYK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚持练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnocwmwKgqkqYq4G69LKJECb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们学习一项新技能，坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事，也是最难做到的事，练字也是这样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIOAcgwMewkcqqmYlNpqEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要坚持就得有大的决心，然后培养出习惯，并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中，能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsUqYQi8Wg8ciXxCWIY1hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，不妨列一个计划，树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变，需要做量的积累。例如，我要临写琴赋，我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍，我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练，一个月，成果还是能激励到自己的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSo6Y20gMyKiEfvjAeoXhiI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQKUWsAU0AOI2Wg9VerpJWf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. 书法结构十四口诀视频

五种书体特点，如下:

一，楷书书法口诀

汉字楷模是真书，端庄美观价值高。

　　形体方正有魅力，结构严谨多精巧。

　　笔画规范讲变化，阴阳笔法结合好。

起收有序要利索，笔笔分明忌潦草。

　　楷书称正楷　起笔多藏锋

　　学书必先行　行笔用中锋

　　笔画形态稳　回锋要自然

　　字字得端正　结构讲造型

　　结构搭配匀　多临古人帖

　　章法要讲究　用笔讲技巧

　　笔笔得到位　楷书要写好

清朗必整齐　重在用腕上

二、行书书法口诀

行楷书写要流畅　主笔沉着是关键

　　快写简化是特征　连笔轻细不可粗

　　伸缩性大变体多　用笔最好是长锋

　　执笔用笔如草书　使墨必须调湿润

　　执笔必须悬起肘　全篇排头是标准

灵活多变才自如 一气呵成要贯通

　　行书字体最多姿 用笔八法需记清

　　横平竖直重心稳 疏密匀称结构精

　　点画呼应贵活泼 穿插揖让要有情

　　项背分明多变化 运笔轻盈忌僵硬

三、草书要决

狂草如激电湍流　字字如惊蛇出洞

　　点线变化多姿美　疏密虚实心有数

　　气势磅礴态万千　结构布白心畅意

　　草书行行如春蚓　字字造型似秋蛇

全章一起要贯通　有气有神是精品

四、魏体口诀

魏碑书体真美观 刚柔并济楷隶兼

　　笔画稳健多雍容 结字奇伟要有变

　　入笔收笔应遒劲 捺画压笔最关键

　　隶意楷法掌握好 雄浑质朴贵自然

　　魄力雄强　精神飞动

　　气象浑穆　兴趣酣足

　　笔法跳跃　骨血润达

　　点画峻厚　结构天成

意态飘逸　血肉丰美

五、隶书书法口诀

方劲古拙 如龟如鳖

　　蚕头雁尾 笔必三折

　　雁不双飞 蚕无二色

　　点画俯仰 左挑右磔

重浊轻清 斩钉截铁

　　汉隶无师可自通　首先学会用中锋

　　蚕头雁尾笔画美　内紧外松结构精

　　雁不双飞须注意　蚕无二设要记清

　　距宽行窄字宜扁 笔要圆粗墨要浓

3. 小楷十三行书法视频

赵孟頫临得最好。

《玉版十三行》是王献之小楷代表作，被誉为“小楷极则”，笔画隽秀挺拔，结字萧散逸荡，顾盼有致，盛名千年不衰。墨迹在宋元时有两本，一为晋麻笺本，一为唐硬黄本，上有柳公权跋，疑为柳公权临本。王献之写过不只一本《洛神赋》，原本墨迹写在晋麻笺纸上，也称晋麻笺本，但流传到唐宋时代就已经首尾残损缺失。如今真迹已不复存在了，唯留南宋时残存的竖版十三行二百五十余字内容小楷作品，在宋代的著录类图书《寳刻類編》中，使用了“《洛神赋》十三行”的称谓，自明代以来普遍称为“十三行”，故称“洛神赋十三行”，简称“十三行”。

4. 草书十三笔势

行草书法有两个含义：一般指字的写法介于行书和草书之间。另一种情况是指一幅书法作品整体是行书与草书的结合，即有的字是行书写法，而有的字是草书写法。

行草书法有以下特点：

行笔增速：行草书法有别于楷书的一个特点,就是行笔加快。因为行书多数是用在起稿、写信上，一边构思文章一边写，想好了就很快地书写下来，这样用楷书写就跟不上思路。古代有些流传下来的书信、文稿，就是在这种情况下写成的。行笔速度所表现出的效果，可使笔画来得流动奔放。

楷草相间：行草书法在笔势上有附钩和少量的牵丝，在体势上又楷草相间，楷草的比例可以没有一定，楷书多的称为行楷，草书多的称为行草。

复购增多：行草书法的速度快，笔画与笔画相连接的地方，能带出一个小小的附钩，使笔画更为流畅、活泼，互相映带照应，气势也更为连贯。行书以附钩映带左右，有时也可用游丝牵连，但不宜过多。上下两字之间，可以笔断意连，这是与写草书不同的地方。

5. 草书笔法十三式视频教程

行书，又称“行押书”，也称“藁书”，是介于楷书和草书之间的一种书体。楷书稍加连贯，点画略带呼应，就是行书。行书写起来比楷书快，又比草书容易识认，所以是应用最广的书体。它既实用，又美观，写起来便捷。

行书分类

行书大致以其作品所具有的楷书和草书成分，划分为两类：作品中楷书成分较多的称之为行楷或楷行、真行：作品中草书成分较多的则称之为行草或草行。

硬笔行书

书写姿势

正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看，还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥，有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养，只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。（如下图）

1、头部端正：头要居中，稍向前下方俯视，眼睛与纸面一尺距离，不可俯得太低，也不可左偏、右斜。

2、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中间大部，不能扭向一边，两肩平齐，上身不弯曲，使上身重心安稳。

3、臂开胸舒：两臂自然开张，两肘平放桌面，保持一线，腹背挺直，胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离，使呼吸顺畅。

4、腿开足安：两腿分开，与肩同宽，自然下垂，内侧保持平行，两脚平放地上，使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势，才能使字写得端正，重心平衡。同时，正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。

执笔方法

执笔方法不正确，不但妨碍书写姿势，影响书写质量，还会给书写者身心健康带来危害，不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点，硬笔是三指执笔法，斜拿。

正确的执笔方法：

①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆（三指处于同一平面）；

②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm（两指左右）；

③所有指关节都向外弯；

④笔杆位于食指的根部（如下图）。

同时，还要做到：

①指实：拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量，处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上，将笔杆夹牢，松紧适度。

②掌虚：无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢，并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座，虚贴桌面。

③杆斜：笔杆向右后方倾斜，紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向，与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字，手指向前伸直，笔杆与纸面角度减小；书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩，笔杆与纸面角度大，宜于精離细琢。

练习方法

选笔

钢笔

具备一支书写流畅的钢笔，是开始练习行书的基础条件。众所周知，随着技术的发展进步，签字笔已经深入到社会生活的各个方面，我们在绝大部分时候都是使用签字笔来写字，使用钢笔的时候比较少。但是想要练习好行书，则必须要有一支书写流畅的钢笔。钢笔不同于签字笔，它可以更好地适应行书的书写顺序，保证书写出来的行书更加漂亮。明尖笔，弹性略大一点，笔画变化稍大，更适合书法。

推荐钢笔

适合练字的钢笔，日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776，百乐78G，写乐21K等。

选字帖临摹

买一本包含常用字在内的行书字体进行模仿练习是练习行书的基本方法。我们常说先学会走路再学会跑，如果还没有学会走路是不可能学会跑的。练习行书也是如此，首先是要学会名家的习作，学会他们的书写方式，照着样子先临摹、描红，然后再过渡到自己来练习书写。在具体选择的时候，一定要选用包括常用字在内的字帖，这样更加有利于今后的具体实践使用。

适合练习的字帖推荐以下启功《论书绝句百首》、梁鼎光的《钢笔临帖》、田英章老师的字帖、顾仲安的字帖。

坚持练习

写好行书并非一朝一夕之功，需要长时间的练习才能成功。对于初学者来说，如果有一定的书法基础，可以很快上手练习行书。如果还没有练习其他字体的书法基础，最好是先练习正楷字、钢笔字然后再过渡到行书的书写，这是学习的一个循序渐进的过程。因此，练习行书没有捷径可以走，有的就是每天坚持练习，持之以恒地坚持下去。一般来说，有一年左右的时间就可以书写出一手漂亮的行书。

连笔意识训练

通过笔画练习

要写好硬笔行书，首先要了解行书的运笔特点，即行书是流动的楷书，它的基本笔画就反映了这一特征。因此，我们通过基本笔画训练，逐渐掌握行书运笔要领，为写好行书奠定基础。

1、点画：行书点虽小，但很重要，起着笔画的起止、过渡、装饰、承上启下、画龙点睛的作用。点有独立点、组合点两种。

独立点，写法如楷书笔画中撇点，右下顿笔由轻到重转向左下，方向视下一笔画起笔位置而定。

组合点，横式排列、竖式排列，重点体现出点与点之间的呼应关系。

2、横画：行书横画在字中起平衡作用，随意性大，起、收笔变化多端，短横有时处理成点，数横并存忌平行划一，要姿态各异。

短横：起笔轻，收笔重，末端收笔可向左下勾出，以呼应下一笔。

长横：起笔向左下轻落笔，快而有力向右运笔，驻笔后左下方出锋运笔中间轻、两头重。

3、竖画：竖画有左竖、右竖、短竖、悬针、垂露之分。左竖向右上回锋与下笔呼应；右竖向左下出锋引带下画。

悬针竖：垂直书写，出锋不可随意甩出，以免轻浮。

垂露竖：收尾呈露珠状，但不一定垂直，往往左侧向左凸，右侧向右凸。

4、撇画：撇在字中是支撑重心作用，具有较强的运动感，其特点飘逸劲健，灵动活泼。

小撇：乃字之精神，写法与楷书同。要注意长短、粗细及笔的走向，出锋锐利。

长撇：中间部分要粗些，但勿过分，笔法与楷书同。

回带撇：起笔、中间部分与楷同，只是收笔处回锋出钩，以连带下面笔画。

5、捺画：在字中支撑字的重心，姿态飘逸，一波三折，给人以流动的美。

斜捺：由轻到重再轻收笔出锋，与左撇呼应，行书中亦可写成反捺或捺点：

平捺：写法同捺，关键把握好它的角度和长短。

6、钩画：钩画种类繁多（竖钩、横钩、卧钩、斜钩、弯钩、竖弯钩、横折钩、横折弯钩等），要做到稳重而有气势，体现出内在力量。

橫钩：逆势起笔与上笔遥相呼应，转角处不必像楷书那样严格，但要有力；

竖钩：竖垂直钩处多变，可向左上勾出，亦可作左下方出锋。

7、折画：折画一般在字的外围，对字包围之势，书写要有力度，笔势内聚，使字不散。

竖折：由上至左下快速落笔，蓄势向右上方徐徐运笔，中间微上凸；

横折：起笔重落，徐向右运笔，拐弯处快速向下弯去，至收笔处稍驻。

8、提画：提画尖锐挺拔，劲健有力，能增加字的力度和速度，美观。可分为短提、长提、撇提。

提：行书提起笔由上而左下迅速落笔，稍驻回笔向右上方迅速挑出，出锋尖利。

通过偏旁部练习

偏旁部首是笔画的初步组合，虽然行书没有一定书写规则，但笔画走向却有相对固定写法。因此，我们依照人们的书写习惯，约定俗成的写法来领会，并举一反三。

一、偏旁部首的练习

二、偏旁部首在字中不同位置的变化写法训练

偏旁部首出现于字的上、下、左、右、里、外不同位置时，写法也不尽相同，使得汉字书写千变万化。我们了解了这些变化要领，就可以触类旁通，掌握书写规则，熟习它们的变化规律，举一反三，就可收到事半功倍的效果。

1、土部在左时竖画偏右，下横改提以让右；在字右部时，两横间距拉开：在字上、下时，两横间距紧凑，避免结构松散。

2、火部在字左侧斜撇改为竖撇，捺变点收缩；居字上部笔画收缩，改捺为点；如在字右部或下部撇捺向两边伸展。

3、木部在左时横短竖长且偏右，捺改点；在右时横短竖长，撇捺伸展；在字上竖较短，撇捺张开；在字下横画长，竖带钩，撇捺改点。

4、日部竖画柔和自然，横折与竖画协调，中横居中不要太满，底横不可超出右竖。作左偏旁时较窄；在字右部地位适中。

5、月部竖撇较长，里面两横偏上不写满。月旁在左写得瘦窄些；在右侧写得丰满些。

6、方部点斜取势，横与点保持间距，弯钩重心。方在左横画右边不能长；在字下部点与横相交。

7、石部在左位置偏上，字形略小，以让右；在字下部要横长撇短；品字结构要上正左小右大。

8、耳部笔顺先横后竖再三横，在字左悬针改垂露，下横变提在右侧稍丰满些；居字上部悬针短。

9、米部在字左侧时横短竖长，捺变点；在字右边撇捺伸展；居字上部竖画的下部短；在字下部，竖画的上部短。

10、禾部用作左旁，撇橫间距拉开，竖偏右，捺改点；在右时，左撒收缩以让左；禾部在字上写法有两种：①下部伸展，禾部收缩；②下部收缩，则禾部散捺伸展。

总之，笔画之间要遵循上、下、左、右伸缩，高、低、顾、盼照应的规律。 三、相似偏旁部首的区别训练 行书写法简省笔画，再加之勾挑、牵丝相连，从而出现一些相似部首容易混淆。

因此，我们有必要对其分析，找出规律、异同，掌握正确的书写方法。 1、言字旁和三点水二者主要区别在第二笔。言字旁横折提的横折处实、重；三点水第二笔为右点收笔与第三笔虚连、轻。

2、提手旁和牛字旁都是一笔完成。区别是提手旁第一笔为横，牛字旁是撇折，因此，提手旁第一笔逆势过大很容易写成牛字旁。

3、木字旁与反犬旁区别：

①第一笔笔画和笔势不同，木旁为短横，由左至右上挑，反犬旁为撇，由右上至左下再上覆连弯钩。②第二笔木旁为竖，笔势直；反犬为弯钩，笔势弧形。

4、奉字头与卷字头区别在首笔，奉字头是横，卷字头为合两点，如将合两点写得过近，连丝过粗，近似短横，则二者就相像了。

5、四字头和血字底笔画、笔势相同，区别在最后一横。四字头横画缩在左竖与右折钩内，而血字横将二者托起。

6、立字旁和足字旁下部完全一样，不同点在上部：立旁是右点加斜横，足字旁是口为首，只要笔画与牵丝交待清晰，二者不难分辨。

7、示字旁与禾字旁区别在于起笔不同：示旁右点带钩呼出横画，禾旁为小撇，呼出横画；横竖画转接处不同，示旁在下部，禾旁在上部。

8、贝字旁与欠字旁运笔方法基本相同。要区分二者，第一、欠旁起笔为撇而且较长，撇出后回笔短；贝旁起笔竖且短，回锋长。第二、欠旁是撇折钩，弯头小；贝旁是竖弯折，弯头大。

9、左耳旁和右耳旁笔画、笔势完全相同，区分在于左耳旁不封口，竖为垂露且短些；右耳旁封口，竖为悬针且稍长。

10、绞丝旁与双人旁二者最大区别是双人旁第二笔为撇，之后笔不离纸由撇原路返至中间作竖向右上回锋，意连下一笔；绞丝旁折笔处是两弧形，无撇画、竖画，收笔回锋斜上作提。

通过具体字训练

笔画与偏旁是结字的基础，最终要结合成端庄、美观、令人赏心悦目的汉字。我们从思想上要有笔画之间是流动的，不是僵死的；笔画之间是呼应的，而不是孤立的这种连带或笔断意连意识。

1、连横训练

2、连竖训练

3、竖连横训练

4、连横连竖训练

5、横竖横相连训练

6、其它笔画相连的训练

毛笔行书

基本技法

笔法

笔法指执笔和用笔，写行书的人一般都练习过楷书，所以执笔和用笔都有了基础。但是，行书的笔法比楷书要丰富得多。要做到中锋用笔，方圆兼备，中、侧锋并用，点画之间以牵丝映带、似连非连、笔断势连的形式贯通气脉。

点画写法

行书点画要注意呼应，同时应在平整中取攲侧之势，在匀称之中得疏密之形，使之变化多姿，特别要注意的是，牵丝往来要有笔断意连之妙，运笔快慢要得疾涩相生之意。圆转处要劲气內敛，方折处要如削金断玉，明快洁净。

结构

行书结构千变万化，但基本原则是要重心平稳，变化自然，顾盼呼应。行书多用奔放之笔取攲侧之势，但无论如何奔放也要重心平稳，特别是攲侧中站稳重心，这种奇正相成的结构是行书的特点。行书多变化，变化要顺乎自然。字行大小、疏密、长短、伸缩、开合、俯仰、向背等自然之行，初写时要尽各字真态、本色，切忌故意造作，制奇弄险，走入流俗，能得自然之美方是真本领。至于点画之间顾盼生情，相互呼应要如闻其声，则字字都活泼而有生气了。

章法

行书章法多用纵有行、横无列，或纵无行，横无列两种。字与字之间要有內在联系，行与行之间要有意态呼应。不必故意笔笔相连，贵在气息贯注，笔断意连。通篇字的大小变化、疏密对比、伸缩之宜都要合乎自然，章法要如音乐之旋律，如诗词之有声律。诗词的“平平仄仄平平仄”抑扬顿挫，一如行书的疏密奇正伸缩，对比中求和谐，对立中求统一。虽是“疏可跑马，密不容针”，仍要密不迫塞，疏不散漫，总之要浑然一体，一气呵成，无意之佳为最妙。

练习方法

选笔

初学者在书写行书时，不论是行草还是行楷，因对毛笔的使用以及落笔的轻重缓急尚未把握，可以选择兼毫来使用，兼毫兼具了硬毫和软毫的优点，较为容易上手，而且使用兼毫吸墨量适宜，不会导致初学者在书写行书时停顿出现墨水团影响纸面。

挑选毛笔是挑毛尖。笔头要尖、齐、圆、键，即：笔头的锋颖既尖锐似锥又要圆润，笔头既要修削整齐，笔尖又要丰满，富有弹性。一般笔杆多用凤尾竹、湘妃竹、花竹、紫竹制成。挑选笔杆时要看笔管是否圆正光滑，不瘪、不裂、不弯、不斜，长短适度。笔杆上有篆刻的，要看它是否镌秀清晰；有镶嵌的，要看是否曲雅古朴。最后，要看笔头与笔杆是否粘牢，笔头有无发霉、虫蛀现象。先用手轻轻晃动笔头，不能出现松动现象，再轻轻弹笔杆，看是否有掉毛，有毛掉睛，不是虫蛀，便是发霉。检查毛笔笔头是否发霉，还可以闻闻有无霉味。

选字帖临摹

(1）挑选字帖。挑选一本孩子比较喜爱的、点画比较工整的、结体比较匀称的字帖来临摹。毛笔字帖，应挑选字体小一点的字帖，这样可省去缩小的工夫。

(2）先摹后临、临摹结合在习字时，要先摹后临、临摹结合。毛笔照着字帖上的字一点一画地描红。要求写的笔迹不要越出字帖字外，都写在字帖上字的点画中间。这样，久而久之，就容易学到字帖上字的结构。所谓临，就是把字帖放在习字纸旁；照着帖上的字依样画葫芦。要求点画写得象，有轻重节奏和粗细的变化。这样，久而久之，就容易学到字帖上字的笔意。由于临书比摹书难，因此要先摹后临，由于临和摹是两种相辅相成的学字手段，因此要临摹结合，循序渐进。

(3）仔细读贴。再者，临摹前要仔细读帖。对帖上的字，其点画怎样书写，结构怎样安排，章法怎样布置，都要仔细琢磨并从中找出规律，这样就容易写得有兴趣，也容易写得象，写得好。临摹时，不能贪多贪快，每天坚持一、二小时，反复地临摹几个字，这样才会有真正的收获。对难写的字，更要知难而上，多临摹，多比较。

坚持练习

练习，持之以恒地坚持下去。一般来说，有一年左右的时间就可以书写出一手漂亮的行书。

练习行书在开始的时候有一个适应的阶段，熟能生巧，从一个字到一段字，从几个字、一行字到一篇字，逐渐掌握行书的规律，慢慢也就形成了属于你自己的行书风格。要善于从多方面吸取营养，名人题字，商家牌匾，学校老师甚至是同学之间，只要认真观察，都可以找到别人写的好字，学会了，就成了自己的字。

行书技巧

增加钩挑与牵丝

楷书书写要一笔一画、工工整整，行书则不然，是将点画连起来书写，即所谓“相间流行”，所以行书书写时在点心之间自然地出现或增加了由于用笔带出来的钩挑和牵丝。所谓钩挑是在原来没有钩挑的点画上，行笔时顺势写出来短钩，如“茂”等字。所谓牵丝则是在前后或上下笔本不相连的点画之间，顺笔势带出来细细的牵丝，如“发”“想”等字。在行书的点画之间有了钩挑与牵丝，则显得笔势流动通畅和谐，意态自然，给人一种生机勃勃的感觉。

注意：

钩挑与牵丝不能使用太多太弱，用多了，到处都是钩挑与细牵丝，显得用笔不干净利索，造型不美观；太弱了，钩脚如肉瘤，细丝如棉线，显得软弱无力，缺乏铁画银钩之健美。

以圆转代方折

行书转折处多采用草书圆转的写法，所以行书才显得笔势流畅。但需注意，行书的圆转中隐含着折意，写时仍需要驻笔、提按，否则圆润而无力，缺乏方圆兼备，方中有圆，圆中有方之妙趣，如“后”、“落”、“生”等字。

改变书写笔顺

小学老师强调写字注意笔顺，这确实是很重要，特别是楷书。然而在行书中，有时有意识地改变楷书的书写笔顺，而采用草书的笔顺，其目的是便于书写，同时也是为了造型的变化多姿，如“感”字。

注意：

一般地说行书写法也足先上后下先左后右，先内后外，但有时却反其道而行之，倒也别有风趣，如“风”“国”字等，但也必须注意，改变书写笔顺一定要因势利导，要合乎草书的规范。且不宜多，偶见则收，方能成趣，如果滥用成灾，使人乏味，就失败了。

用笔灵活

行书比楷书用笔灵活多变，同样的点画可以这样写，可以那样写，不受约束。如“也”字的浮鹅钩，一般是回锋收笔而出。但如果勾端由上翻笔而下也可以。又如木字旁，一般是写好横画和竖画后、笔势总是从左边带出撇挑，但从右边挑笔而上，然后顺笔就势写出撇挑，也有道理。如“杨”字。

起笔露锋入纸

楷书无论是点、横，还是撇、捺，都强调减锋为主。而在行书中起笔处以露锋人纸为多，因为露锋人纸，书写起来比较简捷方便，自然流畅，例如“生”字的左竖，“红”字的撇画及“工”字横画的起笔，“河”字三点水的侧点等，都是露锋人纸。然而必须说明的是，上面所说的字虽然都是露锋人纸，但不是随便的顺锋搭下一写，而是仍要“逆锋”，只是这个“逆锋”是要求凌空取势，即抢锋。不理解这一点，就会犯落笔尖细软弱的毛病。

注意：

露锋入纸，取势要求要快，写出字来，笔意就生动活泼．而藏锋取势较慢，笔意含蓄凝重。这两种写法各有所长，我们书写时相互结合掺用，这样可以各得其所，相得益彰。一般说，行书开头的起笔往往是露锋入纸，而以下的承笔处则多数是藏锋用笔。

以点代替其他笔画

为书写简便敏捷，行书常常以“点”来代替其他笔画，以短小的“点”代替其他较长大的笔画，可以使字的结构形态发生变化，造型更为别致。如将“京”，“影”字中的“小一字改写为三点则更敏捷，字型发生了变化，显得饶有趣味。又如“大”字，将捺笔写成侧点来表示，这样书写起来简捷流畅，造型也显得精悍朴实，别具风味。

体态多变

行书是介于楷书与草书之间的一种兼工带写的字体，它的使用范围很广，表现力丰富，常常一个字有几种写法，体态多变，姿态各异，如“是”字有四种写法，四个姿态，结尾收笔各有不同，有收有放，亦工亦草，情趣盎然。再如“英、落、草、奠、花”同是草字头，但写法各不相同，生动活泼，耐人寻味。如果同样的字或是字头字尾相同的字，写得千篇一律，没有变化，使人看了乏味，那就不称其为书法了。

运笔的技巧

中锋行笔

中锋行笔就是要使笔锋保持在点画中间行笔。中锋行笔是用笔的关键，是书法的生命。要能达到中锋行笔，就要在行笔时掌握好掌竖、腕平、笔杆直，同时还要随着墨液缓缓下流而不断调正笔锋，“令笔心常在点画中行”。篆、隶、楷书是这样，行书亦如此，如“乎”、“本”字除落笔和收笔外，中间所有的点画都是中锋行笔，“华”字亦是。

划重点：中锋行笔，笔迹圆润、道劲，妍美。

裹锋转笔

所谓裹锋转笔即是在转折处，用笔使毫不能太铺，要有所收敛，同时笔杆要稍加使转，以圆转代替方折，如“思”、“里”、“风”字的转角处即是。行书之所以比楷书书写简便，其中一个原因，就是以圆转代替方折。裹锋转笔，转折处玲珑流利，有一种活泼、自然的流动感。蔡邕在《九势》中所说的“转笔宜左右回顾，无使节目孤露”就是指裹锋转笔。但要注意裹锋转笔处，必须圆转中隐含折意，故书写时仍需驻笔、提按，否则圆而无骨，缺乏方圆兼备之妙趣。

折锋转笔

所谓折锋转笔，即转笔时如同写楷书一样，先提后折，顿笔后再调锋而下，只是书写速度略快些，转折处投有楷书那么方折，而是既看出是方折之意，又有圆浑之感，有骨有肉，骨肉兼备，即所谓“方中有回，圆中有方”。使人看了圆润、浑厚、劲挺。欲如此，则折锋转笔处要有方折的意味，折时要重些，轻重提按要一笔小苟，不能一笔带过。折锋转笔写出来的折画，不仅要方而见骨，而且要给人一种风骨挺立，神采飞扬的感觉。如“曲”“故”“总”字。

划重点：行书中的折笔写法，不外折锋转笔和裹锋转笔两种用笔。折锋转笔外露，裹锋转笔内含，各有千秋，但一般说在行书中以裹锋转笔为主，折锋转笔为辅。

衄锋勒笔

衄锋勒笔，就是点画中间稍用力顿挫一下，再中锋勒笔而出。衄锋勒笔大多数是用在反撩与撇的交接处，如“又”、“文”、“交”字的反捺中间用笔。衄锋勒笔，用笔收敛蓄势，短小精悍，而形态也有变化。这种用笔米芾书法中常用。

划重点：衄锋勒笔在衄锋时要有力，勒笔处要迅速，捺画末笔要收得住。

提锋连笔

提锋连笔即提笔连锋，也就是在点画相连处用笔提而不断，锋尖着纸带出牵丝。凡是点画间有牵丝相连者都是提笔连锋用笔。这种用笔的好处是：“是点画处皆重，非画处，偶相牵引，其笔皆轻。”（姜夔《续书谱》）且主次分明叉递相映带，如“墨”、“照”、“然”的点画牵引处。

在书写过程中，提和按，连和断，互为辩证的关系。提锋连笔是牵丝的写法，非牵丝处都是字的实画。我们在学习过程中，一定要注意用笔要实，不能虚，用笔要按不能提。只有按得下，方能提得起，只有实是实，方能虚是虚。

字组黄金法则

书法的形式是各种造型的组合关系。例如点画与点画的组合、结体与结体的组合、字组的组合、行的组合、区域的组合，直至笔墨与空白的组合等。这些组合从小到大，随着组合关系的不断扩大，审美内涵也逐渐丰富。

行书的结构和章法的规则要求主要是：结体大小轻重要适当，长短纵横要合度，疏密黑白要相称，左右欹正相呼应，使之错落变化，气势贯通，协调统一，神定气足。

以米芾的《苕溪诗帖》为例子，来窥探米颠他这部旷世作品里常见字与字之间的呼应的关系，进行一个简单的总结和归类。

欹正组合

欹正是指部分偏旁、部首或局部作倾斜、欹侧处理，又能倾而不倒，平中寓奇，增加字的变化和意外的奇趣。欹正得体就是说，歪的与正的阴阳配合到完美，指字写的很完美。

浓淡组合

书法是通过墨来表现的，墨法是书法的四大要素之一被书家重视。墨色的变化，一般有“浓、淡、干、湿、涨”。作品中的墨色的深浅枯润，可以造成雄奇或秀媚的书法意境。

大小组合

在行书作品中，字的大小是宾主关系，主次分明。把较大的笔画较粗的主字分布原则掌握了，较小的笔画较细的字分布原则也是一样的。

行书与草书组合

首先是字型结构方面，草书的字型变化很大，大小不一，不是内行的话一般很难辨认。而行书大小就比较一致了，看起来很工整。其次是笔法方面，草书笔法相对复杂些，且运笔较疾。而行书相对缓和，其锋刃体现在字形上，和草书有所区别。最后是章法。草书的章法是在起承转合中一气呵成，有一种大将风范。而行书则像一位隐士，不失工整，却又不乏气场。

粗细组合

线条，尤其是行书的线条，其轻、重、长、短、粗、细、浓、淡、枯、润等等，变化无穷，仪态万千，技法俱分高下，情态尽在其中。难怪有人说书法是“线条艺术”。

行书线条有其艺术法则的规范性。不是任何随意抹画出来的线条都可称之为行书艺术的线条，他们必须符合行书法则规范性要求并经过长期技法训练之后才能被书者所拥有。

这种规范性要求是客观的，不依书者主观意志为转移。书者只有在掌握了规范性要求的前提下方能发展和张扬其个性。区分写字与书法，必须首先看其是否具有“法度意识”即“规范意识”，是否符合规范性要求。

连体组合

连画写法在行书中，除了横、竖、撇、挑、捺、点、折、勾外，还常常有多个笔画连在一起写的情况，简称连笔或连画。连画的式虽然纷繁复杂，但分解起来，无非是直线弧线、转和折的组合。直线和爪线较易分辨，也较易书写，只要及时运腕，做到中锋行笔即可，比较不易分清的是转和折。书写复杂的连画时，必须注意灵活运腕和转折相间等原则。

横纵组合

主要表现为点画、部件或整体字形的长宽比例。楷书字形一般比例较为稳定，而行书则常随时进行调整。

省略组合

一般情况是凡字的固有笔画则重些，而两画之间的连接相应轻些，但不可截然跳动，否则呆板无神。牵丝形成连的效果是行书的主要特征之一，但却要运用得当。一味的牵连缠绕，当断不断，反而弄巧成拙，形成浮滑薄弱之病，是行书书写中的大忌。一位书法家讲过“连与断效果不同，连易断难，故当知断”。因此将牵丝引带与点画呼应分开来讲以区别它们的不同功用，这是行书的又一重要特征。

疏密组合

疏密体现在结字上，就是要加强对比，制造视觉反差。如势巧形密与意疏字缓。

排列组合

从汉字的特点和人的生理习惯来看，因为是右手写字，左手执册个字的笔顺自然是从上至下，自左而右的方便。如果从右往左写，写左半部时，毛笔势必挡住右半字形，不便于安排结构，影响结字的美观。而每个汉字的未笔都是在中下或右下，写完上一字的末笔紧接着写下一字的起笔，竖式书写比横式书写更方便，更便于笔势的连贯。

十大行书

第一行书

《兰亭序》是王羲之47岁时的书作，记述的是王羲之和友人雅士会聚兰亭的盛游之事。全篇从容娴和，气盛神凝，逸笔天成，匠心独运而又不毫无安排造作的痕迹。这样资质超群、功力深厚的作品，被评“为天下第一行书”，确实是当之无愧的。

第二行书

《祭侄文稿》，全名《祭侄赠赞善大夫季明文》。原作纸本，纵28.8厘米。横75.5厘米，共234字(另有涂抹字30余个)。现藏台北故宫博物院。颜真卿这篇《祭侄文草稿》是在极度悲愤的情绪下书写，顾不得笔墨的工拙，故字随书家情绪起伏，纯是精神和平时功力的自然流露。这在整个书法史上都是不多见的。可以说，《祭侄文稿》是极具史料价值和艺术价值的墨迹原作之一，至为宝贵。

第三行书

《黄州寒食诗帖》，纸本，25行，共129字，是苏轼行书的代表作。这是一首遣兴的诗作，是苏轼被贬黄州第三年的寒食节所发出的人生之叹。诗写得苍凉多情，表达了苏轼其时惆怅孤独的心情。《黄州寒食诗帖》彰显动势，洋溢着起伏的情绪。元朝鲜于枢把它称为继王羲之《兰亭序》、颜真卿《祭侄稿》之后的"天下第三行书"。

第四行书

《伯远帖》行书纸本，因首行有“伯远”二字，遂以帖名。此帖为晋代真迹，王珣书，故列希珍之宝。此帖行书，笔力遒劲，态致萧散，妍媚流便，是典型的王氏书风。是帖明末在新安吴新宇处，后归吴廷，曾刻入《馀清斋帖》，至清代时归入内府，并与王羲之《快雪时晴帖》、王献之《中秋帖》同列为三希堂法帖之一，现藏北京故宫博物院。

第五行书

《韭花帖》，杨凝式书，墨迹麻纸本，高26厘米，宽28厘米，共7行，63字。《韭花帖》是一封信札，内容是叙述午睡醒来，腹中甚饥之时，恰逢有人馈赠韭花，韭花非常可口，遂执笔以表示谢意。

第六行书

《蒙诏帖》，墨迹纸本，又名《翰林帖》，高26.8厘米，长57.4厘米，大字行书，计7行，27字，书于长庆元年(公元821年)，当时柳公权四十四岁，年富力强，正是他书法创作的颠峰期，所以字如惊鸿击空。

第七行书

《张翰思鲈帖》也称《季鹰帖》，是欧阳询为张翰写的小传，属于行楷，无款。纸本，纵25.2厘米，横33厘米。共10行，每行九至十一字。字体修长严谨，笔力刚劲挺拨，风格平正中见险峻之势，是欧书中的精品。

第八行书

《蜀素帖》是米芾三十八岁时(1088年)，在蜀素上所书的各体诗八首。此帖用笔多变，正侧藏露，长短粗细，体态万千，充分体现了他“刷字”的独特风格。结字也俯仰斜正，变化极大，并以欹侧为主，表现了动态的美感。董其昌在《蜀素帖》后跋曰：“此卷如狮子搏象，以全力赴之，当为生平合作。”

第九行书

《松风阁诗帖》墨迹纸本，纵32.8厘米横219.2厘米，全文计29行，153字。台北故宫博物院藏。

黄庭坚的行书，如《松风阁》，起笔处欲右先左，由画中藏锋逆入至左顿笔，然后平出，“无平不陂”，下笔着意变化；收笔处回锋藏颖。善藏锋，注意顿挫，以“画竹法作书”给人以“沉着痛快”的感觉。

第十行书

《土母帖》，行书墨迹，纸本。纵31.2厘米，横44.4厘米，10行，共104字。后有萧引高、王严实、王称等跋。《珊瑚纲》《书画汇考》《墨缘汇观》《石渠宝笈续编》著录。台北故宫博物院藏。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书，又称“行押书”，也称“藁书”，是介于楷书和草书之间的一种书体。楷书稍加连贯，点画略带呼应，就是行书。行书写起来比楷书快，又比草书容易识认，所以是应用最广的书体。它既实用，又美观，写起来便捷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4aE402auGgSmmtW0KQep9N"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUyaQmms04Sa2zFsbUI2ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书大致以其作品所具有的楷书和草书成分，划分为两类：作品中楷书成分较多的称之为行楷或楷行、真行：作品中草书成分较多的则称之为行草或草行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneY8iG0IKOSicElqlROpOTf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":283,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行书分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f039888ee3cd40f0ab7ed641b170738d","width":596},"text":"","id":"doxcnaMU0SGC8oiUOewCe3sNsue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCIIoaIocYeGw32CPfbbHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0IOUKCaUeqMc34iSKLlUq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看，还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥，有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养，只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。（如下图）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wqMMEEiWK8OiSzYNHJStb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":226,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b6004cc6807846609885c2caf0c30439","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSUKKakM2KekcminomBeyLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、头部端正：头要居中，稍向前下方俯视，眼睛与纸面一尺距离，不可俯得太低，也不可左偏、右斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8s24cQaSg82y03cujOMIS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中间大部，不能扭向一边，两肩平齐，上身不弯曲，使上身重心安稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQwUUyUQUkM4uefGQBv2gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂开胸舒：两臂自然开张，两肘平放桌面，保持一线，腹背挺直，胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离，使呼吸顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSoYiKiMyo0oYG4KjKiM9Ed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿开足安：两腿分开，与肩同宽，自然下垂，内侧保持平行，两脚平放地上，使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势，才能使字写得端正，重心平衡。同时，正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6mMuygeoOAAbeNdCTR3sR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwOuYqCOUmyOElewXFfoue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法不正确，不但妨碍书写姿势，影响书写质量，还会给书写者身心健康带来危害，不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点，硬笔是三指执笔法，斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOyeGgCKysSuoR4AWMSTlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Y2OUi0EcSesIUbc1vozpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆（三指处于同一平面）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwu0UCAOYacIu6KGL2H3r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm（两指左右）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6kCIqw0i082UZUfuDnTDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指关节都向外弯；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqouSwww48YQ45GHVukRNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④笔杆位于食指的根部（如下图）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkoKMOqEkee8w8Vu8sYbtOg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":497,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d74dcc814fe64e67820e17dc2534afed","width":730},"text":"","id":"doxcnEemIyA8A6cG6UikjAP3Lkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，还要做到：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkYyAe0YMcmwsNUG9hBGmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指实：拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量，处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上，将笔杆夹牢，松紧适度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8MAI8SUaSEEowxU0syE1Rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虚：无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢，并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座，虚贴桌面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYqGg4KaqUsUm4I9Irngdfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③杆斜：笔杆向右后方倾斜，紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向，与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字，手指向前伸直，笔杆与纸面角度减小；书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩，笔杆与纸面角度大，宜于精離细琢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWGwGcMy8qowe4sTzMLSAvd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaya08WYQEEgOA9x1F1eDg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WKOMyA0IiGeeq3QniKiwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawaQGACeGAi4A9G4AT0UCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具备一支书写流畅的钢笔，是开始练习行书的基础条件。众所周知，随着技术的发展进步，签字笔已经深入到社会生活的各个方面，我们在绝大部分时候都是使用签字笔来写字，使用钢笔的时候比较少。但是想要练习好行书，则必须要有一支书写流畅的钢笔。钢笔不同于签字笔，它可以更好地适应行书的书写顺序，保证书写出来的行书更加漂亮。明尖笔，弹性略大一点，笔画变化稍大，更适合书法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAOAGWos4YIA0nNNjF1oZ7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwCceOkKmec2ADd4rKqTZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合练字的钢笔，日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776，百乐78G，写乐21K等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IuGQ8eQO2oostFB9eXq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th":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnMsK2WESqoEiqKUY0IGShnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、火部在字左侧斜撇改为竖撇，捺变点收缩；居字上部笔画收缩，改捺为点；如在字右部或下部撇捺向两边伸展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggoCmqUSKecQ0MaZM2Paeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e79fef28c54e4b30b841c88c2cab565f","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn2s6Aae4oWSUIiqm98u96Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、木部在左时横短竖长且偏右，捺改点；在右时横短竖长，撇捺伸展；在字上竖较短，撇捺张开；在字下横画长，竖带钩，撇捺改点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncacUGAgeokiy8EVMkDPsTH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/807725688748468882c044a8601fa924","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnQmMme0SoAEi80Yiuvytgwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、日部竖画柔和自然，横折与竖画协调，中横居中不要太满，底横不可超出右竖。作左偏旁时较窄；在字右部地位适中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsMgeM6k0myGqeg2Z54zZJe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e9a0f36138d746ad8867a31c0df3abf3","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnWW0CkEcqCmeuaUh0HfRNog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、月部竖撇较长，里面两横偏上不写满。月旁在左写得瘦窄些；在右侧写得丰满些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMEGyaOWI2MSSGAxxesNmAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b07cfd24030a40a7ae2bca51376b8057","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnQuesucyGOQGAQdNilSBHwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、方部点斜取势，横与点保持间距，弯钩重心。方在左横画右边不能长；在字下部点与横相交。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoO4sA8iwwisaWemxEIfBWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72d3a27b83174f69afbdb4e4514b242b","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn6YoAW6oWcMyKEf7WPqMJXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、石部在左位置偏上，字形略小，以让右；在字下部要横长撇短；品字结构要上正左小右大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWmcsQaq0kGaSQTcVxk0q7f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d3ffaf166b34d3cb131d9742d3debfb","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnsaCWsGGKm4EcTizCRXWYlV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、耳部笔顺先横后竖再三横，在字左悬针改垂露，下横变提在右侧稍丰满些；居字上部悬针短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUWGMEoOQIKeUMwOcU1agq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1125c43c5b65480cbf693b7fe62f41d1","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcniCQsGI8QeaKIIr0GybZWzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、米部在字左侧时横短竖长，捺变点；在字右边撇捺伸展；居字上部竖画的下部短；在字下部，竖画的上部短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeMA6E2uw4WKukc3qURTzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/91daffbe86ce406bbda0d540a3ac5789","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnk0KYmI00yW02KcWhzaXl5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、禾部用作左旁，撇橫间距拉开，竖偏右，捺改点；在右时，左撒收缩以让左；禾部在字上写法有两种：①下部伸展，禾部收缩；②下部收缩，则禾部散捺伸展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSagqI8kcWsmYkFVW3oX6Mc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d981ea98d7e4c8e869dad7bab06bf64","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnM4mKuIAmSMemmqNAPkFODe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，笔画之间要遵循上、下、左、右伸缩，高、低、顾、盼照应的规律。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"三、相似偏旁部首的区别训练","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"行书写法简省笔画，再加之勾挑、牵丝相连，从而出现一些相似部首容易混淆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciwugAsi8iQs8x41KnHlnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，我们有必要","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对其分析，找出规律、异同，掌握正确的书写方法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"1、言字旁和三点水二者主要区别在第二笔。言字旁横折提的横折处实、重；三点水第二笔为右点收笔与第三笔虚连、轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoEkQiWMaSsKYBpFrYuftg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/df9e7a9c451b4520ad06dfa918c5b894","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnCoC2yIas6SQ0GTr64LXZgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、提手旁和牛字旁都是一笔完成。区别是提手旁第一笔为横，牛字旁是撇折，因此，提手旁第一笔逆势过大很容易写成牛字旁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMG8sko60y8AQiOLzj5X3Ob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88697d320ecc4859899eaf4628bbf206","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnUu8uiOyQSAaM6C7S2KnYIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、木字旁与反犬旁区别：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQS6ea6EwoaAq2jPQlDjw1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①第一笔笔画和笔势不同，木旁为短横，由左至右上挑，反犬旁为撇，由右上至左下再上覆连弯钩。②第二笔木旁为竖，笔势直；反犬为弯钩，笔势弧形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUMuiqSMUo6KwdgfLG5uad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/196647cda3174188b0a9a638e80e072e","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnOU4CuYaQc0uACepy2epVZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、奉字头与卷字头区别在首笔，奉字头是横，卷字头为合两点，如将合两点写得过近，连丝过粗，近似短横，则二者就","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"相像","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKG8oUKWsce4YLkSj3YJXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8659849644c34b9a94dd870287624ce4","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6Q4kIWggumuGCvQcO3STb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、四字头和血字底笔画、笔势相同，区别在最后一横。四字头横画缩在左竖与右折钩内，而血字横将二者托起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSiI6AwYOa8UghQvoBzPZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60d2b82db9c14bb2ae112785e7e3a92e","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn0AAgcwOMmAcMnvqUZUeRbi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、立字旁和足字旁下部完全一样，不同点在上部：立旁是右点加斜横，足字旁是口为首，只要笔画与牵丝交待清晰，二者不难分辨。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48wkqOosgm0YE99tyiyfWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aa7e9b9f36b54f109bf7fed360746230","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnUAESoqY4MeiWA37Alvwdac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、示字旁与禾字旁区别在于起笔不同：示旁右点带钩呼出横画，禾旁为小撇，呼出横画；横竖画转接处不同，示旁在下部，禾旁在上部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM2qAMQQqWwIuKseGyWLQuh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96b971d73385436089e070efc38d0e99","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn662UUI4w6OikER4c9QpkUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、贝字旁与欠字旁运笔方法基本相同。要区分二者，第一、欠旁起笔为撇而且较长，撇出后回笔短；贝旁起笔竖且短，回锋长。第二、欠旁是撇折钩，弯头小；贝旁是竖弯折，弯头大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwM22o8KUakEOW4ji7mnv88"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c5de242ef514f56a62818729ebd8b0b","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnAAkAusMmaqOgiGi7TcfrIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、左耳旁和右耳旁笔画、笔势完全相同，区分在于左耳旁不封口，竖为垂露且短些；右耳旁封口，竖为悬针且稍长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWowuEOEe6i0IeoIKMWEpXf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72558bb276f5449ab2c6fd5a73a8ff70","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnqy6kUyg0a8C4AZXt4uuEXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、绞丝旁与双人旁二者最大区别是双人旁第二笔为撇，之后笔不离纸由撇原路返至中间作竖向右上回锋，意连下一笔；绞丝旁折笔处是两弧形，无撇画、竖画，收笔回锋斜上作提。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyqAKukYUSEG6niaBJjQVd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过偏旁部练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25b9c8d81e414d4fa7724317169c9c5b","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnocU4S04eK4ySe0lGdlF7ic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过具体字训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEkKyCI2ewomYGbZ4XwwJ6X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画与偏旁是结字的基础，最终要结合成端庄、美观、令人赏心悦目的汉字。我们从思想上要有笔画之间是流动的，不是僵死的；笔画之间是呼应的，而不是孤立的这种连带或笔断意连意识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuY2W4AQECEq6S84z5NTlFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、连横训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0E6eCeKq6q20o4I9w0Wpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过具体字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1795c0006adb48eeaa57039f6dc5c466","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnowoKeWMIOMOiGqMQOKXUFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、连竖训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKoe2ecsg80aC0U2KKIpQ2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过具体字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8015a2e61a484df4af86a817aadbce57","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn26uwuEGqcwCEh4IehFqxG5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、竖连横训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCiYyK2C46AUU4murhPnFRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过具体字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/482f596aaa084cc5be112b2064fc9fb8","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn46IE2KwisWCiEFEulnKQZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、连横连竖训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyweIYkaagWIkILgsisFWEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过具体字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9fa5874b9e824c30be554ac6e859ed14","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn4OYUciQs0USowBABzZ8XOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、横竖横相连训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAAeCU8OWKGiIVrQ9aLwMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过具体字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/af431437c4734a78ac469c6c4625cab8","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnIO4oWE4u46s40qSvOQLhXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、其它笔画相连的训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWgUwOiOKcM8TdaFb5XZyu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通过具体字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/200adc34730f4188b739f0b656752598","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnMooiQWsykgES1vrhkhJmyw"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔行书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuYMoi2gAEaSeOCkJGMGcce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2MoS22K0ogmalZGn2Gihb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgK84iy2CgCKeGlc5N5VNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔法指执笔和用笔，写行书的人一般都练习过楷书，所以执笔和用笔都有了基础。但是，行书的笔法比楷书要丰富得多。要做到中锋用笔，方圆兼备，中、侧锋并用，点画之间以牵丝映带、似连非连、笔断势连的形式贯通气脉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwI8aMcCyCsAU5pjqYqW5hs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cea21b59651245acad0a7220e0fdb6f8","width":236},"text":"","id":"doxcng24GKMoGk0cgAfuKKVi9Ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"点画写法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoucemYKam0eoeGBIKYx6Oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书点画要注意呼应，同时应在平整中取攲侧之势，在匀称之中得疏密之形，使之变化多姿，特别要注意的是，牵丝往来要有笔断意连之妙，运笔快慢要得疾涩相生之意。圆转处要劲气內敛，方折处要如削金断玉，明快洁净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgyigAmwSEuUuk6Cj1CLBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":198,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点画写法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/52d71509f7a24b698f02e29bd79c8533","width":581},"text":"","id":"doxcn62c8mOgOYg4WeA4XxcTIVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0K4QAOQ24M2ACOrq0VXNRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书结构千变万化，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"但基本原则是要重心平稳，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"变化自然，顾盼呼应。行书多用奔放之笔取攲侧之势，但无论如何奔放也要重心平稳，特别是攲侧中站稳重心，这种奇正相成的结构是行书的特点。行书多变化，变化要顺乎自然。字行大小、疏密、长短、伸缩、开合、俯仰、向背等自然之行，初写时要尽各字真态、本色，切忌故意造作，制奇弄险，走入流俗，能得自然之美方是真本领。至于点画之间顾盼生情，相互呼应要如闻其声，则字字都活泼而有生气了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikakYC4SiKcsCyZlTWYnEf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e266dfbc3424c26beff4cfe78a3d250","width":417},"text":"","id":"doxcnC4YmwA2UGCEcYhNaUSRvKe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2SUucw8CWu6kBrlqAsiHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书章法多用纵有行、横无列，或纵无行，横无列两种。字与字之间要有內在联系，行与行之间要有意态呼应。不必故意笔笔相连，贵在气息贯注，笔断意连。通篇字的大小变化、疏密对比、伸缩之宜都要合乎自然，章法要如音乐之旋律，如诗词之有声律。诗词的“","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"平平仄仄平平仄”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"抑扬顿挫，一如行书的疏密奇正伸缩，对比中求和谐，对立中求统一。虽是“疏可跑马，密不容针”，仍要密不迫塞，疏不散漫，总之要浑然一体，一气呵成，无意之佳为最妙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04A0IIi6M4EwqMltH6jt8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8OayaMusYgQyW8qrgX6lf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8amCSkIwokIgtGEPU7bxlk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者在书写行书时，不论是行草还是行楷，因对毛笔的使用以及落笔的轻重缓急尚未把握，可以选择兼毫来使用，兼毫兼具了硬毫和软毫的优点，较为容易上手，而且使用兼毫吸墨量适宜，不会导致初学者在书写行书时停顿出现墨水团影响纸面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuU4iayCCoiwmiotBm1rFRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑选毛笔是挑毛尖。笔头要尖、齐、圆、键，即：笔头的锋颖既尖锐似锥又要圆润，笔头既要修削整齐，笔尖又要丰满，富有弹性。一般笔杆多用凤尾竹、湘妃竹、花竹、紫竹制成。挑选笔杆时要看笔管是否圆正光滑，不瘪、不裂、不弯、不斜，长短适度。笔杆上有篆刻的，要看它是否镌秀清晰；有镶嵌的，要看是否曲雅古朴。最后，要看笔头与笔杆是否粘牢，笔头有无发霉、虫蛀现象。先用手轻轻晃动笔头，不能出现松动现象，再轻轻弹笔杆，看是否有掉毛，有毛掉睛，不是虫蛀，便是发霉。检查毛笔笔头是否发霉，还可以闻闻有无霉味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmACksiOOkaUOmSfiLeDWZd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2dddffc24516456f95b67e4f26cf8e62","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcn6kyYYQqKyAeyikNcHqck0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq8wyW6MGEG228k1O0QCzQ5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1）挑选字帖。挑选一本孩子比较喜爱的、点画比较工整的、结体比较匀称的字帖来临摹。毛笔字帖，应挑选字体小一点的字帖，这样可省去缩小的工夫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsI0Gqq88UAS24JhM2exNvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2）先摹后临、临摹结合在习字时，要先摹后临、临摹结合。毛笔照着字帖上的字一点一画地描红。要求写的笔迹不要越出字帖字外，都写在字帖上字的点画中间。这样，久而久之，就容易学到字帖上字的结构。所谓临，就是把字帖放在习字纸旁；照着帖上的字依样画葫芦。要求点画写得象，有轻重节奏和粗细的变化。这样，久而久之，就容易学到字帖上字的笔意。由于临书比摹书难，因此要先摹后临，由于临和摹是两种相辅相成的学字手段，因此要临摹结合，循序渐进。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC88eogKKM0YE8PDGFbRyje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3）仔细读贴。再者，临摹前要仔细读帖。对帖上的字，其点画怎样书写，结构怎样安排，章法怎样布置，都要仔细琢磨并从中找出规律，这样就容易写得有兴趣，也容易写得象，写得好。临摹时，不能贪多贪快，每天坚持一、二小时，反复地临摹几个字，这样才会有真正的收获。对难写的字，更要知难而上，多临摹，多比较。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUS8KgaY4qQwyctvspKnzLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖临摹","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5a18f6e76104f1b881a178a2bd02b93","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcne46Wg00GCU0iQhZWcyf8ue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚持练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuaYGKW6s6IsKMZ6vxv5BNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习，持之以恒地坚持下去。一般来说，有一年左右的时间就可以书写出一手漂亮的行书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSae6k0m0YiME0ijVWnv9dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习行书在开始的时候有一个适应的阶段，熟能生巧，从一个字到一段字，从几个字、一行字到一篇字，逐渐掌握行书的规律，慢慢也就形成了属于你自己的行书风格。要善于从多方面吸取营养，名人题字，商家牌匾，学校老师甚至是同学之间，只要认真观察，都可以找到别人写的好字，学会了，就成了自己的字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6scGs40mgUwMPZyth6jQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGgMkWIswy4aWI9CKClG7Yc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"增加钩挑与牵丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOIwy6gug2yiILhCRiOt6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书书写要一笔一画、工工整整，行书则不然，是将点画连起来书写，即所谓“相间流行”，所以行书书写时在点心之间自然地出现或增加了由于用笔带出来的钩挑和牵丝。所谓钩挑是在原来没有钩挑的点画上，行笔时顺势写出来短钩，如“茂”等字。所谓牵丝则是在前后或上下笔本不相连的点画之间，顺笔势带出来细细的牵丝，如“发”“想”等字。在行书的点画之间有了钩挑与牵丝，则显得笔势流动通畅和谐，意态自然，给人一种生机勃勃的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoSwSyoMioA4QJLpgKMPgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMm0Wiim0aYio9EpLvmFuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钩挑与牵丝不能使用太多太弱，用多了，到处都是钩挑与细牵丝，显得用笔不干净利索，造型不美观；太弱了，钩脚如肉瘤，细丝如棉线，显得软弱无力，缺乏铁画银钩之健美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakEyKiscmICk0G1mqmDlhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆转代方折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniqCwKOsae0wOagvh8GZHDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书转折处多采用草书圆转的写法，所以行书才显得笔势流畅。但需注意，行书的圆转中隐含着折意，写时仍需要驻笔、提按，否则圆润而无力，缺乏方圆兼备，方中有圆，圆中有方之妙趣，如“后”、“落”、“生”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkQiuCyiM28aC6EesvkF2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变书写笔顺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaEIAc6086uaKIzU1Jth3wg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小学老师强调写字注意笔顺，这确实是很重要，特别是楷书。然而在行书中，有时有意识地改变楷书的书写笔顺，而采用草书的笔顺，其目的是便于书写，同时也是为了造型的变化多姿，如“感”字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsusswkMGSWC8Mpqp9aoQHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni08AcWw4cCOcuu7P5wB9Vb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般地说行书写法也足先上后下先左后右，先内后外，但有时却反其道而行之，倒也别有风趣，如“风”“国”字等，但也必须注意，改变书写笔顺一定要因势利导，要合乎草书的规范。且不宜多，偶见则收，方能成趣，如果滥用成灾，使人乏味，就失败了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugsYwQYcGMKSWYp4jcFAFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用笔灵活","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiqGgAwkW22yeI4Qcpwe0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书比楷书用笔灵活多变，同样的点画可以这样写，可以那样写，不受约束。如“也”字的浮鹅钩，一般是回锋收笔而出。但如果勾端由上翻笔而下也可以。又如木字旁，一般是写好横画和竖画后、笔势总是从左边带出撇挑，但从右边挑笔而上，然后顺笔就势写出撇挑，也有道理。如“杨”字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKsSm8ee886g2vkKvARPab"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起笔露锋入纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoACYOUOiIiWEG48WX0lrwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书无论是点、横，还是撇、捺，都","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"强调","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"减锋为主。而在行书中起笔处以露锋人纸为多，因为露锋人纸，书写起来比较简捷方便，自然流畅，例如“生”字的左竖，“红”字的撇画及“工”字横画的起笔，“河”字三点水的侧点等，都是露锋人纸。然而必须说明的是，上面所说的字虽然都是露锋人纸，但不是随便的顺锋搭下一写，而是仍要“逆锋”，只是这个“逆锋”是要求凌空取势，即抢锋。不理解这一点，就会犯落笔尖细软弱的毛病。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkGAgMgMogYqQHi9Fm9I7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsugOog0QCUmEz5OzjipPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"露锋入纸，取势要求要快，写出字来，笔意就生动活泼．而藏锋取势较慢，笔意含蓄凝重。这两种写法各有所长，我们书写时相互结合掺用，这样可以各得其所，相得益彰。一般说，行书开头的起笔往往是露锋入纸，而以下的承笔处则多数是藏锋用笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIU0WQsqimACgZ0Ooo19Bb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以点代替其他笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqaGISWekSeeyqOdiMEZxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为书写简便敏捷，行书常常以“点”来代替其他笔画，以短小的“点”代替其他较长大的笔画，可以使字的结构形态发生变化，造型更为别致。如将“京”，“影”字中的“小一字改写为三点则更敏捷，字型发生了变化，显得饶有趣味。又如“大”字，将捺笔写成侧点来表示，这样书写起来简捷流畅，造型也显得精悍朴实，别具风味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0guAaSMMWw2mW6V1Fkftvf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"体态多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUgaEECkg4EMqauIuJBL1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书是介于楷书与草书之间的一种兼工带写的字体，它的使用范围很广，表现力丰富，常常一个字有几种写法，体态多变，姿态各异，如“是”字有四种写法，四个姿态，结尾收笔各有不同，有收有放，亦工亦草，情趣盎然。再如“英、落、草、奠、花”同是草字头，但写法各不相同，生动活泼，耐人寻味。如果同样的字或是字头字尾相同的字，写得千篇一律，没有变化，使人看了乏味，那就不称其为书法了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqOa8kqk2k6Qovm6Ldj4nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔的技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeqI0ywusu4czoZH24FIOi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋行笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneGuIc0uocgIsGuGt1mGzAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋行笔就是要使笔锋保持在点画中间行笔。中锋行笔是用笔的关键，是书法的生命。要能达到中锋行笔，就要在行笔时掌握好掌竖、腕平、笔杆直，同时还要随着墨液缓缓下流而不断调正笔锋，“令笔心常在点画中行”。篆、隶、楷书是这样，行书亦如此，如“乎”、“本”字除落笔和收笔外，中间所有的点画都是中锋行笔，“华”字亦是。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMCWIcEGcuygcUhofpEsxbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"划重点：中锋行笔，笔迹圆润、道劲，妍美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYkSEiW4EUscgj9N5R4AHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"裹锋转笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMw6w8M2QwuY4jbqRnMirb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓裹锋转笔即是在转折处，用笔使毫不能太铺，要有所收敛，同时笔杆要稍加使转，以圆转代替方折，如“思”、“里”、“风”字的转角处即是。行书之所以比楷书书写简便，其中一个原因，就是以圆转代替方折。裹锋转笔，转折处玲珑流利，有一种活泼、自然的流动感。蔡邕在《九势》中所说的“转笔宜左右回顾，无使节目孤露”就是指裹锋转笔。但要注意裹锋转笔处，必须圆转中隐含折意，故书写时仍需驻笔、提按，否则圆而无骨，缺乏方圆兼备之妙趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQu46uQc0ym0gkP5tazpsZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"折锋转笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngS4cYso6m2YOcbOPSqH22e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓折锋转笔，即转笔时如同写楷书一样，先提后折，顿笔后再调锋而下，只是书写速度略快些，转折处投有楷书那么方折，而是既看出是方折之意，又有圆浑之感，有骨有肉，骨肉兼备，即所谓“方中有回，圆中有方”。使人看了圆润、浑厚、劲挺。欲如此，则折锋转笔处要有方折的意味，折时要重些，轻重提按要一笔小苟，不能一笔带过。折锋转笔写出来的折画，不仅要方而见骨，而且要给人一种风骨挺立，神采飞扬的感觉。如“曲”“故”“总”字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wyoa6qcOS8Ql9BXBPfwbw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"划重点：行书中的折笔写法，不外折锋转笔和裹锋转笔两种用笔。折锋转笔外露，裹锋转笔内含，各有千秋，但一般说在行书中以裹锋转笔为主，折锋转笔为辅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuc4QYgOSeSiw3GsR6rf5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衄锋勒笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCSkiC0sgsoAQHudlfnOnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"衄锋勒笔，就是点画中间稍用力顿挫一下，再中锋勒笔而出。衄锋勒笔大多数是用在反撩与撇的交接处，如“又”、“文”、“交”字的反捺中间用笔。衄锋勒笔，用笔收敛蓄势，短小精悍，而形态也有变化。这种用笔米芾书法中常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6Q0UwySuKaWiAzqUyGUjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"划重点：衄锋勒笔在衄锋时要有力，勒笔处要迅速，捺画末笔要收得住。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8CMY4Ye22AKIHeQrF9Abd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提锋连笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIWimwEq2qQmmnFHSUH1qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提锋连笔即提笔连锋，也就是在点画相连处用笔提而不断，锋尖着纸带出牵丝。凡是点画间有牵丝相连者都是提笔连锋用笔。这种用笔的好处是：“是点画处皆重，非画处，偶相牵引，其笔皆轻。”（姜夔《续书谱》）且主次分明叉递相映带，如","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“墨”、“照”、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“然”的点画牵引处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO4ksAMciK6CwiGcmqcHKJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在书写过程中，提和按，连和断，互为辩证的关系。提锋连笔是牵丝的写法，非牵丝处都是字的实画。我们在学习过程中，一定要注意用笔要实，不能虚，用笔要按不能提。只有按得下，方能提得起，只有实是实，方能虚是虚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA84wuMOIoiSsi6Dopt0Xoe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字组黄金法则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCgiGA8W6kM2SkL0gdQzkRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法的形式是各种造型的组合关系。例如点画与点画的组合、结体与结体的组合、字组的组合、行的组合、区域的组合，直至笔墨与空白的组合等。这些组合从小到大，随着组合关系的不断扩大，审美内涵也逐渐丰富。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oaEoKI4UQYEIJH05D2rVU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的结构和章法的规则要求主要是：结体大小轻重要适当，长短纵横要合度，疏密黑白要相称，左右欹正相呼应，使之错落变化，气势贯通，协调统一，神定气足。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaiImSecgksk8cz3YH93ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以米芾的《苕溪诗帖》为例子，来窥探米颠他这部旷世作品里常见字与字之间的呼应的关系，进行一个简单的总结和归类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k0GoAkk4M0iuGds7YbXjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"欹正组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0IM0WgG6uWwOcCtdiZNGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欹正是指部分偏旁、部首或局部作倾斜、欹侧处理，又能倾而不倒，平中寓奇，增加字的变化和意外的奇趣。欹正得体就是说，歪的与正的阴阳配合到完美，指字写的很完美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnecmUemeyK40OCY8jRsbSsg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":546,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"欹正组合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a97b7149669c4c20a94e510738f86568","width":318},"text":"","id":"doxcnEscwYay0OiS6k37NVA6jvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"浓淡组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqScguEQ08IGoPL2bznMkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是通过墨来表现的，墨法是书法的四大要素之一被书家重视。墨色的变化，一般有“浓、淡、干、湿、涨”。作品中的墨色的深浅枯润，可以造成雄奇或秀媚的书法意境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUme0EWuA8cSuApvrE9e3Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"浓淡组合","id":""}],"url":"https://p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